The Safe Sport Allies bystander training: developing a multi-layered program for youth sport participants and their coaches to prevent harassment and abuse in local sport clubs.

Harassment and abuse represent a pervasive and critical problem in sport with far-reaching consequences. Survivors' testimonials underscore the profound and enduring impact of these experiences at individual, interpersonal, organizational and community level. Many of their stories reveal painful inaction from responsible adults in the sport organization, aggravating the harm.

The regression trap: why regression analyses are not suitable for selecting determinants to target in behavior change interventions.

Objective: Regression analyses are commonly used for selecting determinants to target in behavior change interventions, but the aim of this article is to explain why regression analyses are not suitable for this purpose (i.e. the regression trap).

Increasing the transparency of systematic reviews: presenting a generalized registration form.

This paper presents a generalized registration form for systematic reviews that can be used when currently available forms are not adequate. The form is designed to be applicable across disciplines (i.e.

A lean method for selecting determinants when developing behavior change interventions.

When developing behavior change interventions in a systematic way, it is important to select determinants relevant to the target behavior. Data is needed to gain insight into the determinant structures (the relative strengths of associations between determinants and behavior) and their univariate distributions. This insight is crucial to select the most relevant determinants, but at the same time institutions tasked with behavior change (e.

Using the Reproducible Open Coding Kit & Epistemic Network Analysis to model qualitative data.

Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) is a unified, quantitative - qualitative method aiming to draw from both methodological worlds by leveraging a data set containing raw and quantified qualitative data, as well as metadata about data providers or the data itself. ENA generates network models depicting the relative frequencies of co-occurrences for each unique pair of codes in designated segments of qualitative data. This step-by-step tutorial demonstrates how to model qualitative data with ENA through its quantification via coding and segmentation.

Acyclic behavior change diagrams: a tool to report and analyze interventions.

Background: Behavior change interventions have a vital role in enhancing human health and well-being. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised about suboptimal reporting of behavior change interventions, making analyses, replications, and intervention re-use hard or impossible to conduct.

Objective: This paper introduces acyclic behavior change diagrams (ABCDs) to achieve more transparent development, evaluation, and reporting of behavior change interventions.

Preventing sexual violence in sport: Determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior.

Given their central role and position, coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about bystander behaviors, hampering the development of effective bystander programs in the context of sport. To identify determining characteristics of bystander behavior, 1,442 Belgian youth sport coaches completed an online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical scenarios of sexual violence in the sports club. Data were analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER).

The operationalization of self-identity in reasoned action models: a systematic review of self-identity operationalizations in three decades of research.

Background: Self-identity has frequently been proposed as a useful addition to the Theory of Planned Behavior; yet Fishbein and Ajzen decided to not include self-identity when they published that theory's successor, the Reasoned Action Approach. One of their reasons for exclusion is the lack of clear conceptual independence, as manifested in self-identity operationalizations that often conflate the construct with attitudinal or normative measures. Therefore, establishing whether self-identity has added value in the Reasoned Action Approach first requires synthesis of the used operationalisations to develop an operationalization that captures self-identity but not attitude and perceived norm.

Developing a new national MDMA policy: Results of a multi-decision multi-criterion decision analysis.

Background: Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) has a relatively low harm and low dependence liability but is scheduled on List I of the Dutch Opium Act ('hard drugs'). Concerns surrounding increasing MDMA-related criminality coupled with the possibly inappropriate scheduling of MDMA initiated a debate to revise the current Dutch ecstasy policy.

Methods: An interdisciplinary group of 18 experts on health, social harms and drug criminality and law enforcement reformulated the science-based Dutch MDMA policy using multi-decision multi-criterion decision analysis (MD-MCDA).

Meaningful change definitions: sample size planning for experimental intervention research.

Experimental tests of interventions need to have sufficient sample size to constitute a robust test of the intervention's effectiveness with reasonable precision and power. To estimate the required sample size adequately, researchers are required to specify an effect size. But what effect size should be used to plan the required sample size? Various inroads into selecting the effect size have been suggested in the literature-including using conventions, prior research, and theoretical or practical importance.

Promoting scientific integrity through open science in health psychology: results of the Synergy Expert Meeting of the European health psychology society.

The article describes a position statement and recommendations for actions that need to be taken to develop best practices for promoting scientific integrity through open science in health psychology endorsed at a Synergy Expert Group Meeting. Sixteen Synergy Meeting participants developed a set of recommendations for researchers, gatekeepers, and research end-users. The group process followed a nominal group technique and voting system to elicit and decide on the most relevant and topical issues.

Promoting ear plugs at music events: evaluation of the Celebrate Safe approach.

Objective: The Celebrate Safe approach is a collaboration between public health organisations and music event/venue organisers to encourage health promotion interventions in nightlife settings and at music events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Celebrate Safe approach with regard to its impact on use of ear plugs among visitors of music events.

Design: A pre-registered cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted at music events throughout the Netherlands ( = 15).

Sedentary Work in Desk-Dominated Environments: A Data-Driven Intervention Using Intervention Mapping.

Background: Since desk-dominated work environments facilitate sedentary behavior, office workers sit for 66% of their working days and only 8% succeed in interrupting their prolonged periods of sitting within the first 55 minutes. Yet stretches of long and uninterrupted sitting increase the likelihood of several chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: We therefore developed a computer-based app designed to interrupt periods of prolonged sitting among office employees.

Knowing how effective an intervention, treatment, or manipulation is and increasing replication rates: accuracy in parameter estimation as a partial solution to the replication crisis.

Objective: Although basing conclusions on confidence intervals for effect size estimates is preferred over relying on null hypothesis significance testing alone, confidence intervals in psychology are typically very wide. One reason may be a lack of easily applicable methods for planning studies to achieve sufficiently tight confidence intervals. This paper presents tables and freely accessible tools to facilitate planning studies for the desired accuracy in parameter estimation for a common effect size (Cohen's d).

Incontinence in persons with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a polish cohort.

Introduction: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an important preventable public health concern, associated to a number of common pediatric problems such as incontinence. Little is known about the prevalence and presentation of incontinence in FASD, which hinders effective management.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate incontinence among people with FASD.

Attitudes Underlying Reliance on Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

We aimed to map attitudes underlying complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, especially those involved in "dysfunctional CAM reliance," that is, forgoing biomedical treatment in a life-threatening situation in favor of alternative treatment. Analyses of modifiable determinants of CAM use were conducted at a sufficiently specific level to inform intervention development. We collected usable data on CAM-related attitudinal beliefs from 151 participants in Budapest with varying degrees of CAM use, which we analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance plots.

Towards an assessment instrument for suffering in patients with psychiatric conditions: assessing cognitive validity.

Background: Unbearable suffering is a key criterion in legally granting patients' euthanasia requests in Belgium yet a generally accepted definition of unbearable suffering remains elusive. The ability to understand and assess unbearable suffering is essential, particularly in patients with psychiatric conditions, as the underlying causes of these conditions are not always apparent. To enable research into when and why suffering experiences incite patients with psychiatric conditions to request euthanasia, and to help explore preventive and curative perspectives, the development of an assessment instrument is needed.

Systematic literature review on which maternal alcohol behaviours are related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

Objectives: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is a worldwide problem. Maternal alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for FASD. It remains unknown which alcohol consumption patterns most strongly predict FASD.

Applying the Generalized Logistic Model in Single Case Designs: Modeling Treatment-Induced Shifts.

Many analytical approaches to single-case data assume either linear effects (regression-based methods) or instant effects (mean-based methods). Neither assumption is realistic; therefore, these approaches' assumptions are often violated. In this article, we propose modeling curvilinear effects to appropriately parametrize the characteristics of singe-case data.

Sexual Arousal and Implicit and Explicit Determinants of Condom Use Intentions.

Being sexually aroused may be an important risk factor contributing to sexual decision making. Dual-process cognitive models, such as the reflective-impulsive model of Strack and Deutsch (2004), could be used to explain the effect of sexual arousal on intentions to use a condom. In this study, we investigated whether explicit and implicit attitudes toward condom use can predict intentions to use a condom when participants are sexually aroused and not aroused.

Ignoring theory and misinterpreting evidence: the false belief in fear appeals.

Use of fear appeals assumes that when people are emotionally confronted with the negative effects of their behaviour they will change that behaviour. That reasoning is simple and intuitive, but only true under specific, rare circumstances. Risk perception theories predict that if people will experience a threat, they want to counter that threat.