Mesoporous Mn-substituted MnZnCoO ternary spinel microspheres with enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications.

Extensive investigations have been carried out on spinel mixed transition metal oxide-based materials for high-performance electrochemical energy storage applications. In this study, mesoporous Mn-substituted MnZnCoO (ZMC) ternary oxide microspheres (x = 0, 0.3, 0.

Amifostine (ETHYOL) protects rats from mucositis resulting from fractionated or hyperfractionated radiation exposure.

Purpose: The cytoprotective drug amifostine (Ethyol) protects rats from oral mucositis resulting from a single dose of gamma-irradiation. We expanded earlier studies to determine whether multiple doses of amifostine protect against fractionated or hyperfractionated radiation and whether the active metabolite of amifostine (WR-1065) accumulates in tissues upon repeated administration.

Methods And Materials: Rats received amifostine daily for 5 days in conjunction with a 1-week fractionated radiation schedule and were evaluated for oral mucositis.

Tissue levels of WR-1065, the active metabolite of amifostine (Ethyol), are equivalent following intravenous or subcutaneous administration in cynomolgus monkeys.

Amifostine (Ethyol) is a cytoprotective drug approved for the reduction of xerostomia in head and neck cancer when administered to patients receiving postoperative radiation therapy. Although amifostine is approved for intravenous infusion, the off-label subcutaneous route of administration has become more prevalent. Although human patient data indicate higher plasma bioavailability of the active metabolite (WR-1065) following intravenous compared to subcutaneous administration, there are no corresponding data showing human tissue levels of WR-1065 following either route of administration due to the difficulty in obtaining human specimens.

Effects of dose and schedule on the efficacy of ethyol: preclinical studies.

The chemo- and radioprotectant drug amifostine (Ethyol; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) is approved for intravenous (IV) administration; however, the subcutaneous (SC) route is being explored as a practical alternative. We have previously reported equivalence between IV and SC administration using a rat model of radioprotection and active metabolite (WR-1065) tissue pharmacokinetics. To examine the more clinically relevant fractionated and hyperfractionated radiation schedules and the effects of variations in the time of amifostine administration, we expanded these studies to include radioprotection and pharmacokinetic studies of WR-1065 using multiple dosing.

Subcutaneous administration of amifostine (ethyol) is equivalent to intravenous administration in a rat mucositis model.

Purpose: Amifostine (Ethyol) is currently approved for intravenous (IV) administration to prevent xerostomia in patients receiving radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer. Recently, subcutaneous (SC) administration has been explored as an alternative route. To determine whether SC administration was equivalent to IV administration, we used models to follow pharmacokinetics and oral mucosal protection in rats.

Preclinical studies on the radioprotective efficacy and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered amifostine.

The radioprotective effects and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously (SC) administered amifostine have been investigated in animal studies. Studies in rats using a single dose of amifostine showed that SC administration gave protection from radiation-induced mucositis that is at least equivalent to that achieved by intravenous administration of the drug. These studies also indicate that tissue levels of the active metabolite WR-1065 correlated better with the radioprotective effects of amifostine than do plasma WR-1065 levels.