Role of polysomnography in the management of obstructive sleep apnea during the first year of life in robin sequence: A prospective and longitudinal study.

Objectives: To prospectively assess, using polysomnography (PSG), the evolution in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants with Robin Sequence (RS) during their first year of life and to evaluate the role of PSG in OSA treatment.

Methods: Prospective and longitudinal study conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals (2018-2021). Data from 2 PSG (PSG1 0-3 months of life, PSG2 6-10 months of life) performed in RS infants in different sleep positions/conditions (without treatment: supine [SP]; with treatment: lateral [LP], prone [PP], respiratory support) were analyzed.

Deep Neural Network Regression to Assist Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension.

Portal hypertension is a complex medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the portal venous system. The conventional diagnosis of such disease often involves invasive procedures such as liver biopsy, endoscopy, or imaging techniques with contrast agents, which can be uncomfortable for patients and carry inherent risks. This study presents a deep neural network method in support of the non-invasive diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Post-obstructive diuresis after posterior urethral valve treatment in neonates: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The management of posterior urethral valve (PUV) in neonates requires close monitoring in the intensive care unit because of the risk of post-obstructive diuresis (POD). Our aim was to describe the incidence and factors associated with POD in newborns treated for PUV.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of all neonates who underwent surgical intervention for PUV in our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2014 and April 2021.

CADUCEO: A Platform to Support Federated Healthcare Facilities through Artificial Intelligence.

Data-driven algorithms have proven to be effective for a variety of medical tasks, including disease categorization and prediction, personalized medicine design, and imaging diagnostics. Although their performance is frequently on par with that of clinicians, their widespread use is constrained by a number of obstacles, including the requirement for high-quality data that are typical of the population, the difficulty of explaining how they operate, and ethical and regulatory concerns. The use of data augmentation and synthetic data generation methodologies, such as federated learning and explainable artificial intelligence ones, could provide a viable solution to the current issues, facilitating the widespread application of artificial intelligence algorithms in the clinical application domain and reducing the time needed for prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis by up to 70%.

Efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-naive, transfusion-dependent, lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (COMMANDS): interim analysis of a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the standard-of-care treatment for anaemia in most patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes but responses are limited and transient. Luspatercept promotes late-stage erythroid maturation and has shown durable clinical efficacy in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. In this study, we report the results of a prespecified interim analysis of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa for the treatment of anaemia due to lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in the phase 3 COMMANDS trial.

An Integrated Music and Artificial Intelligence System in Support of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation.

This study aims at the implementation of an Artificial Intelligence approach to the use of music for supporting the neurorehabilitation of children with brain injuries or neurological difficulties.The output of this study will be the implementation of an app for mobile devices with games to be played by pediatric patients, allowing time for their cognitive and motor abilities to recover while enjoying pleasant activities. In particular, a Neural Network Classification approach is proposed in order to automatically adapt the game difficulty to the current cognitive capabilities of the child.

Computer-Based Cognitive Training in Children with Primary Brain Tumours: A Systematic Review.

Late neurocognitive sequelae are common among long-term brain tumour survivors, resulting in significantly worse quality of life. Cognitive rehabilitation through specific APP/software for PC/tablets represents an innovative intervention spreading in recent years. In this study, we aim to review the current evidence and trends regarding these innovative approaches.

Luspatercept for the treatment of anaemia in non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia (BEYOND): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: In patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia, haemoglobin concentrations lower than 10 g/dL are associated with a higher risk of morbidity, mortality, and impaired quality of life. No drugs are specifically approved for anaemia management in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia, other than transfusion therapy administered infrequently in accordance with patients' needs. We assessed the efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus placebo in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia.

Isolation and Characterization of Commensal Bifidobacteria Strains in Gut Microbiota of Neonates Born Preterm: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Bifidobacterial population dynamics were investigated using a longitudinal analysis of dominant species isolated from feces of neonates born preterm (singletons ( = 10), pairs of twins ( = 11)) from birth up to 16 months of age. We performed quantification, isolation, and identification of the dominant bifidobacteria strains. The genetic relationship of the isolates was investigated via pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping, and PCR was used to screen the specific genetic marker genes.

Predicting Factors of Protracted Intestinal Failure in Children with Gastroschisis.

Objective: To identify prenatal and neonatal predictors of short bowel syndrome-related intestinal failure (SBS-IF) in gastroschisis.

Study Design: This retrospective study included all patients with gastroschisis born between 2000 and 2017 who were enrolled in our home parenteral nutrition program, and all patients with gastroschisis born in our institution who survived 2 weeks, during the same time period. Prenatal ultrasound features, neonatal status, anatomic features, oral feeding, and parenteral nutrition dependency were analyzed.

Automatic Transportation Mode Recognition on Smartphone Data Based on Deep Neural Networks.

In the last few years, with the exponential diffusion of smartphones, services for turn-by-turn navigation have seen a surge in popularity. Current solutions available in the market allow the user to select via an interface the desired transportation mode, for which an optimal route is then computed. Automatically recognizing the transportation system that the user is travelling by allows to dynamically control, and consequently update, the route proposed to the user.

Faecal calprotectin and gut microbiota do not predict enteropathy in very preterm infants.

Aim: Very preterm birth is associated with a high risk of enteropathies. Diagnosis is challenging, especially in mild forms, leading to unnecessary periods of cessation of enteral feeding. This study aimed at establishing a prognosis score of enteropathy combining clinical parameters and faecal calprotectin concentration.

Early surgical management for giant omphalocele: Results and prognostic factors.

Objectives: Giant omphalocele often represents a major surgical challenge and is reported with high mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of neonates with giant omphalocele managed with early operative surgical treatment, and subsequently to identify possible factors that could alter the prognosis.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 29 consecutive newborns with prenatally diagnosed giant omphalocele.

Prenatal factors associated with neonatal survival of infants with congenital chylothorax.

Objectives: Congenital chylothorax is a rare disease and prognostic factors are key element in properly informing parents. This study aimed at determining the prenatal factors associated with neonatal survival in a cohort of liveborn infants with congenital chylothorax.

Study Design: Observational monocentric cohort study including all liveborn neonates consecutively admitted for congenital chylothorax.

Segmental volvulus in the neonate: A particular clinical entity.

Background: Complete intestinal volvulus is mainly related to congenital anomalies of the so-called intestinal malrotation, whereas segmental volvulus appears as a distinct entity, mostly observed during the perinatal period. Because these two situations are still lumped together, the aim of this study was to describe the particular condition of neonatal segmental volvulus.

Study Design: We analyzed the circumstances of diagnosis and management of 17 consecutives neonates operated for segmental volvulus more than a 10-year period in a single institution.

[Guidelines for multivitamin administration in fortified human milk prepared for preterm infants].

Background: To reach nutritional standards, human milk has to have 2g/dL of protein. In 2013, Lafeber stated that when human milk is fortified up to 2g/dL, it may increase its osmolality up to 500 mOsm/kg. He also warned that care must be taken when adding a drug or vitamins to human milk.

Pulmonary stenosis in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: prevalence, management and outcome.

Objective: To review prevalence, management and prognostic factors of pulmonary stenosis (PS) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods: Retrospective study over the last 10 years in a single referral center. We reviewed fetal echocardiography data of all MC twin cases with diagnosis of isolated PS.