Rotating Abdominal Flap: A New and Simple Technique to Treat and Avoid Lower Pole Contour Deformities in Breast Augmentation.

Background: Double-contour deformity represents a common complication following inframammary fold lowering in augmentation mammaplasty that mostly occurs in patients with a short distance from the nipple to the inframammary fold or tight breasts. The authors describe a technique that consists of exploiting a cranially based abdominal fat flap that is hinged and rotated upward to correct or prevent this deformity.

Methods: A retrospective study of two groups of patients was conducted.

THE ORIGINS OF THE BLOOD TRANSFUSION: EUROPEAN LITERATURE AND ITALIAN DEBATE ON NEW INNOVATIONS (1667-1668).

This paper deals with the literary debate on the first experiments regarding blood transfusion on human beings between 1667 and 1668 in Europe, with particular attention to the less-known experimental research, carried out in Italy. The authors examine the details of the experimental developments, focusing on the techniques and instruments used by physicians involved in this new surgical approach, with special attention to the Italian debate and experimentations. The article suggests that transfusion was considered a part of what we could call "emergency surgery".

The Medical Historical Cultural Foundations of Western Nasal Surgery from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages.

The manuscript aims to clarify the origins of Western rhinosurgery through the ancient texts of the greatest physicians of the past, up to the Byzantine Era, focusing on the "exchange of knowledge" between peoples. This excursus is carried out by quoting the texts of the greatest doctors of the past, such as Hippocrates, Galen and Celsus and by analysing the works of Byzantine authors such as Oribasius, Aetius, Antillus, which, more than others, represent the moment of fusion and interpenetration of Ancient Medical knowledge, paving the way for the Medieval Scholae Medicae in the West. The aim, therefore, is to fill that sort of "great gap" (from the foundation of Constantinople in the 4th century AD to the early Arab culture in the 11th century AD) due to the fact that figures such as Branca, Vianeo and, finally, Tagliacozzi, are considered direct actors of a recovery of the "ancient knowledge" of classic authors.

Use of the Keystone Perforator Island Flap in the treatment of chronic lower extremity wounds complicated by osteomyelitis.

Introduction: Reconstruction of chronic lower extremity wounds can be especially challenging when these wounds are complicated by osteomyelitis. They require the joint expertise of plastic and orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods: We report our experience using the Keystone Perforator Island Flap following wound and bone debridement as a valuable surgical tool for coverage of complex wounds with bone infection.

Incidence and Prevention of Cicatricial Scleral Show in the Subciliary Access in Patients With Orbital Fractures.

Unlabelled: : Orbital fractures can involve floor, lateral and medial wall. Surgical access depends on fracture's severity, ocular trauma and patient's age. Subciliary, subtarsal, infraorbital or transconjunctival approaches are the main access to the orbit.

Hump-like giant desmoid tumor of the chest: a postresectional reconstruction challenge.

Desmoid tumors (DT) are rare neoplasms with unknown etiology arising from musculoaponeurotic structures. Chest wall localization is uncommon and has been associated with high recurrence rate unless radical resection with negative margins is carried out. Postresectional reconstruction can be challenging in presence of giant lesions and might require adoption of complex reconstruction methods including use of well vascularized muscle flaps.

Bifid median nerve and carpal tunnel syndrome: an uncommon anatomical variation.

Dear sir, one of the most common entrapment neuropathy syndromes in clinical practice is "Entrapment of median nerve in carpal tunnel" also called "Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)" (Aydin et al., 2007; Huisstede et al., 2010).

Late massive breast implant seroma in postpartum.

Background: Late seroma is a rare complication that may occur after a prosthetic breast augmentation. "Seroma" is a generic term used to indicate a serous clear fluid collection, which can develop in surgically dissected areas. A seroma can be defined as "late" if this complication occurs at least 4 months after surgery.