SHOULDER PAIN IN COMPETITIVE TEENAGE SWIMMERS AND IT'S PREVENTION: A RETROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE.

Background: The term "swimmer's shoulder" was first introduced in 1974 by Kennedy and Hawkins to describe a common condition among competitive swimmers characterized by pain and dysfunction of the shoulder complex. Currently, the term does not define a specific clinical diagnosis and its etiology is considered to be multifactorial. In the literature shoulder pain prevalence varies according to the adopted definitions (from 3% to 91%); however, in the Italian environment there is no prevalence study regarding swimmer shoulder.

ACUTE EFFECTS OF DRY NEEDLING ON POSTERIOR SHOULDER TIGHTNESS. A CASE REPORT.

Background And Purpose: Posterior shoulder tightness has been associated with numerous shoulder disorders. Methods to increase posterior shoulder mobility may be beneficial. The purpose of this case report is to report the outcomes of a subject with posterior shoulder tightness treated with dry needling as a primary intervention strategy.

[Foot and ankle ability measure: cross-cultural translation and validation of the Italian version of the ADL module (FAAM-I/ADL)].

Background: Valid and reliable outcome measures are fundamental for evaluating and comparing the effects of rehabilitation. Among the different tools used for the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders of the lower limb, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) has been shown to have good psychometric properties. However, it has not yet been translated into Italian.

The Functional Dexterity Test: test-retest reliability analysis and up-to date reference norms.

Study Design: Clinical measurement.

Introduction: Among the available tests for fine finger dexterity, the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) has been indicated as a valid instrument to measure outcome in different conditions.

Purpose Of The Study: To analyze test-retest reliability, to study the influence of gender, age and hand dominance on the FDT score, and to collect reference norms for adult and elderly age-groups.