Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography and Color Doppler: Guided Intraoperative Embolization of Intracranial Highly Vascularized Tumors.

Background: Preoperative embolization is often considered mandatory in highly vascularized brain tumors to contain blood loss. However, not all lesions are amenable to endovascular preoperative embolization. In the literature, cases of preoperative and intraoperative embolization are described only by arterial catheterization, whereas experiences of tumor embolization through direct puncture of the lesion are anecdotal; furthermore these cases lack an intraoperative control method to assess the effects of the embolizing procedure itself.