Circular RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease producing reduction in bone mass with consequent bone fragility. Circular ribonucleic acid (CircRNA) is a form of RNA that forms a loop structure rather than a linear one. CircRNA can be used for therapeutic purposes, including molecular targets or to test new therapies.

Small interfering RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis.

Background: Osteoporosis results in reduced bone mass and consequent bone fragility. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used for therapeutic purposes, as molecular targets or as useful markers to test new therapies.

Sources Of Data: A systematic search of different databases to May 2023 was performed to define the role of siRNAs in osteoporosis therapy.

Small interfering RNAs in the management of human rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has unclear pathogenesis, but the molecules that feed its inflammatory state are known. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are useful to identify molecular targets and evaluate the efficacy of specific drugs, and can themselves be used for therapeutic purposes.

Sources Of Data: A systematic search of different databases to March 2022 was performed to define the role of siRNAs in RA therapy.

Melatonin and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The present evidence.

Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a multifactorial condition with genetic predisposing factors, and several causes have been put forward for its aetiopathogenesis, including possible hormonal dysfunction. Melatonin seems to play significant role in AIS.

Methods: A systematic search in different database, to July 2021, was performed to define the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Zimmer Natural Nail and ELOS nails in pertrochanteric fractures.

Background: Pertrochanteric fractures of the femur in the elderly are very common. As the average age of the population increases, the incidence of such fractures also raises, resulting in high healthcare costs. The type of surgical devices employed for their surgical management influences these costs.

Small interfering RNAs in tendon homeostasis.

Background: Tenogenesis and tendon homeostasis are guided by genes encoding for the structural molecules of tendon fibres. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), acting on gene regulation, can therefore participate in the process of tendon healing.

Sources Of Data: A systematic search of different databases to October 2020 identified 17 suitable studies.

Augmentation or reconstruction of PCL? A quantitative review.

Purpose: The purpose of this quantitative review is to document effectiveness and complications of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) surgery and compare outcomes, advantages and disadvantages of reconstructive and augmentation procedures.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Google Scholar and Embase databases using the combined keywords "PCL reconstruction," "PCL augmentation," "clinical outcomes" and "functional outcomes" with no limit for year of publication. Articles were included if they reported data on clinical, functional and imaging outcomes who had undergone reconstruction or augmentation of the PCL for management of PCL injuries.