Publications by authors named "Giuseppe Esposito"

Background And Purpose: Identifying and assessing hemodynamic and flow status in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is crucial for evaluating recurrent stroke risk. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between two quantitative imaging modalities: (1) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and (2) quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (qMRA) with non-invasive optimal vessel analysis (NOVA), measuring volume flow rate (VFR). Comparing these modalities is relevant for assessing collateral circulation and hemodynamic impairment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Patients with intermediate-risk thyroid cancers may undergo treatment with radioactive iodine-131 (I-131). They often undergo a pretreatment diagnostic iodine scan that typically shows areas of physiological uptake in the stomach, bladder, parotid glands as well as thyroid-remnant uptake and sites of metastatic disease. A 48-year-old woman with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer with metastases to lateral compartment lymph nodes was found to have increased retention of iodine in the medial portion of her left orbit on the diagnostic scan.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

has been considered for a long time the only causal agent of lactococcosis. In recent years, different papers reported the involvement of other two bacterial species: and . A different host tropism has been described for these species where and are predominant species in fish and humans' infections, while in bovine.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: A substantial number of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) experience adverse events after TAVI, with health care expenditure. We aimed to investigate cardiac remodeling and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients with severe AS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, and extra-valvular cardiac damage (EVCD) undergoing TAVI treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus other glucose-lowering strategies (no-SGLT2i users).

Methods: Multicenter international registry of consecutive diabetic patients with severe AS, LVEF < 50%, and EVCD undergoing TAVI.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Purpose: We report on an intensive two-day training program on microanastomoses performed on perfused human placenta models. A specific scoring system was elaborated to evaluate the participants' microsurgical skills and report the participants' results.

Materials And Methods: Trainees who attended the Zurich Microsurgery Courses in 2023 were included in the study.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background And Purposes: Non-invasive optimal vessel analysis quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (NOVA-QMRA) has emerged as a valuable tool to characterize cerebral hemodynamics in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Our aim was to explore the eventual correlation between volume flow rate (VFR) measured via NOVA-QMRA and signal intensity ratio (SIR) of time-of-flight (TOF) MRA in M1- and P2-segments bilaterally in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Materials And Methods: Patients with acute, subacute or chronic unilaterall ICA occlusion receiving NOVA-QMRA between June 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively included.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study examines oxidative stress in the fish species Cottus gobio from Dimon Lake in northeast Italy, focusing on how environmental changes affect their health and adaptation.
  • Seasonal changes in water chemistry were observed, with notable differences in oxygen and nutrient levels between summer and autumn, impacting fish physiology.
  • The research found significant variations in oxidative stress biomarkers across different organs and seasons, emphasizing the role of liver in detoxification and the influence of water parameters, particularly pH, on fish health in high-mountain ecosystems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Radiobiological studies at low dose rates allow us to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms by which radiation exerts its effects on biological systems following chronic exposures. Moreover, these studies can complement available epidemiological data on the biological effects of low doses and dose rates of ionizing radiation. Very few studies have simultaneously compared the biological effects of low- and high-LET radiations at the same dose rate for chronic irradiation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The literature lacks a combined analysis of neurosurgical microvascular anastomosis training models. We performed a systematic literature search to provide an overview of the existing models and proposed a classification system based on the level of simulation and reproducibility of the microvascular anastomosis.

Methods: The systematic literature search followed the PRISMA guidelines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the implementation of the Transcultural social-ethical-care (TEC-MED) model aimed at enhancing community care for the ageing population, as existing healthcare systems often fail to meet their needs.
  • - Data was gathered through interviews and focus groups involving various stakeholders, leading to four main themes that highlighted the model's effectiveness in providing personalized care and improving communication among services.
  • - The conclusion emphasizes the necessity for integrated and adaptable care models like TEC-MED to better address the diverse needs of older adults and their caregivers, suggesting similar research is needed for other healthcare systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Discrepancies between stenosis severity assessed at coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and ischemia might depend on vessel type. Coronary plaque features are associated with ischemia. Thus, we evaluated the vessel-specific correlation of CCTA-derived diameter stenosis (DS) and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) and explored whether integrating morphological plaque features stratified by vessel might increase the predictive yield in identifying vessel-specific ischemia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Severe aortic stenosis (AS) leads to changes in the heart’s left ventricle and can affect blood flow and resistance in coronary arteries.
  • A study assessed coronary blood flow and microvascular resistance in AS patients before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and found no immediate changes right after the procedure.
  • Six months post-TAVI, patients showed significant improvement in hyperaemic perfusion, indicating that over time, left ventricular remodelling positively affected blood flow during increased demand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Advances in surgical technology and microneurosurgery have led to increased utilization of so-called minimally invasive approaches, including the supraorbital eyebrow (SE) and minipterional (MPT) approaches for lesions involving the interpeduncular region. This study aimed to describe and compare anatomical landmarks, along with highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the SE and MPT approaches to the interpeduncular region.

Methods: Ten formalin-fixed, latex-injected cadaveric specimens were used to perform bilateral SE and MPT approaches to the interpeduncular region.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Oysters are bivalve molluscs crucial for fisheries and aquaculture, but their genetic diversity and distribution are still not well understood.
  • The variability in their shell shapes makes it hard to classify different species, despite molecular research identifying about 100 existing species.
  • This study focused on small flat oysters in the Mediterranean regions of Liguria and Sardinia, using 16S rRNA sequencing to reveal new species and enhance knowledge about oyster diversity and evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Chronic intestinal inflammation and neo-angiogenesis are interconnected in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) pathogenesis. Molecules reducing inflammation and angiogenesis hold promise for CRC prevention and treatment. N-Palmitoyl-d-glucosamine (PGA), a natural glycolipid analog with anti-inflammatory properties, has shown efficacy against acute colitis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * Patient selection for the surgery benefits from advanced imaging techniques like BOLD-CVR and qMRA-NOVA, which help assess blood flow and brain reactivity before and after the operation.
  • * In a study of 12 patients, while BOLD-CVR showed a slight and non-significant improvement post-surgery, qMRA-NOVA indicated a significant increase in blood flow, confirming that the surgery improves hemodynamics in affected areas of the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Achalasia is characterized by symptoms of esophageal obstruction, preventing food consumption. However, weight loss is observed only in a subset of patients, and data from literature is conflicting.

Aims: Our study aimed at evaluating predictors of weight loss in achalasia patients and at verifying the impact of treatment on nutritional status.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: A superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is classically considered a low-flow bypass. It is known that the flow in the flow augmentation STA-MCA bypass is influenced by flow demand of the revascularized territory and can reach significantly higher values. The authors report their intraoperative flow measurement data in a consecutive series of 100 STA-MCA bypasses performed at their institution.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Tricuspid insufficiency used to be thought of as not very important, but new research shows it actually plays a big role in causing problems with the right side of the heart.
  • New technology is making it possible to treat patients who were too risky for regular surgery, helping them feel better and live better lives.
  • The focus now is on getting patients the right care by sending them to specialized centers that know how to diagnose and treat this condition effectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We propose an artificial intelligence approach based on deep neural networks to tackle a canonical 2D scalar inverse source problem. The learned singular value decomposition (L-SVD) based on hybrid autoencoding is considered. We compare the reconstruction performance of L-SVD to the Truncated SVD (TSVD) regularized inversion, which is a canonical regularization scheme, to solve an ill-posed linear inverse problem.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Parthenogenesis, or virgin birth, describes a mode of reproduction where an egg develops into an offspring without fertilization, and is observed across various vertebrate taxa, excluding mammals. Obligate parthenogenesis, found in around 100 vertebrate species and 1000 invertebrate species, is relatively rare. Conversely, facultative parthenogenesis, where females can reproduce both sexually and parthenogenetically, is observed in some vertebrates, including elasmobranchs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging has become a mainstay diagnostic tool in staging unfavorable primary prostate cancer (PC) and identifying sites of recurrence in previously treated PC. One of the biggest pitfalls of PSMA imaging is rapid radionucleotide excretion in the urine via the​ kidneys, ureters, and bladder.​ The positron-emission tomography (PET) images obtained show increased radiotracer activity in these structures, which can occlude or even mimic true malignant disease.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: Intracranial aneurysms present significant health risks, as their rupture leads to subarachnoid haemorrhage, which in turn has high morbidity and mortality rates. There are several elements affecting the complexity of an intracranial aneurysm. However, criteria for defining a complex intracranial aneurysm (CIA) in open surgery and endovascular treatment could differ, and actually there is no consensus on the definition of a "complex" aneurysm.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and slow-progressing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. Over the last years, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is emerging as a bacterial-neuro-immune ascending pathway that contributes to the progression of PD. Indeed, PD patients are characterized by changes in gut microbiota composition, alterations of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and enteric neurogenic/inflammatory responses that, besides determining intestinal disturbances, contribute to brain pathology.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF