A Systematic Review and Comprehensive Evaluation of Human Intervention Studies to Unravel the Bioavailability of Hydroxycinnamic Acids.

Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are the main phenolic acids in the western diet. Harmonizing the available information on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of HCAs is fundamental to unraveling the compounds responsible for their health effects. This work systematically assessed pharmacokinetics, including urinary recovery, and bioavailability of HCAs and their metabolites, based on literature reports.

Effect of the Pasta Making Process on Slowly Digestible Starch Content.

The rate at which starch is digested in the human intestine elicits different glycemic responses and reflects the glycemic index (GI) of foods. In vitro measurement of starch digestibility can reflect the GI of food. Differences in starch digestibility among four durum wheat pasta samples, couscous, and bread were evaluated to better describe the role of the pasta making process in affecting starch digestibility.

Systematic Review on the Metabolic Interest of Glucosinolates and Their Bioactive Derivatives for Human Health.

In the last decade, most of the evidence on the clinical benefits of including cruciferous foods in the diet has been focused on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITC), and mercapturic acid pathway metabolites, based on their capacity to modulate clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The present systematic review summarizes findings of human studies regarding the metabolism and bioavailability of GSL and ITC, providing a comprehensive analysis that will help guide future research studies and facilitate the consultation of the latest advances in this booming and less profusely researched area of GSL for food and health. The literature search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and the Web of Science, under the criteria of including publications centered on human subjects and the use of Brassicaceae foods in different formulations (including extracts, beverages, and tablets), as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of subjects, and against certain diseases.

Pasta Structure Affects Mastication, Bolus Properties, and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Healthy Adults.

Background: Structure and protein-starch interactions in pasta products can be responsible for lower postprandial glycemic responses compared with other cereal foods.

Objectives: We tested the effect on postprandial glucose metabolism induced by 2 pasta products, couscous, and bread, through their structural changes during mastication and simulated gastric digestion.

Methods: Two randomized controlled trials (n = 30/trial) in healthy, normal-weight adults (mean BMI of 23.

Revisiting the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols in humans: A systematic review and comprehensive data analysis.

This systematic review summarizes findings from human studies investigating the different routes of absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (ADME) of dietary flavan-3-ols and their circulating metabolites in healthy subjects. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science. Human intervention studies using single and/or multiple intake of flavan-3-ols from food, extracts, and pure compounds were included.

Human colonic catabolism of dietary flavan-3-ol bioactives.

Understanding the fate of ingested polyphenols is crucial in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of a fruit and vegetable-based diet. This review focuses on the colon microbiota-mediated transformation of the flavan-3-ols and the structurally related procyanidins found in dietary plant foods and beverages, plus the flavan-3-ol-derived theaflavins of black tea, and the post-absorption phase II metabolism of the gut microbiota catabolites. Despite significant advances in the last decade major analytical challenges remain.

Effects of colonic fermentation on the stability of fresh and black onion bioactives.

The health properties related to onion intake are attributed mainly to the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic and organosulfur compounds (OSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of an colonic fermentation on the stability of phenolic and OSCs of fresh and black onion by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with a linear ion trap (UHPLC-LIT-MS). Throughout colonic fermentation, fresh onion showed an increase in the total phenolic content of 45%, mainly due to an increase in the content of the flavonoid family, while the OSCs remained stable along the fermentation.

Colonic Fermentation of (Poly)phenols and Organosulfur Compounds of Fresh and Black Garlic.

The beneficial properties associated with garlic consumption have been related to the presence of bioactive compounds including (poly)phenols and organosulfur compounds (OSCs). This study aims to assess the effect of colonic fermentation on fresh and black garlic by determining the transformation of these compounds through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a linear ion trap (uHPLC-LIT-MS). Colonic fermentation had a similar influence on the phenolic content of fresh and black garlic, with total respective decreases of 43.

Evolutionary Wheat Populations in High-Quality Breadmaking as a Tool to Preserve Agri-Food Biodiversity.

Plant biodiversity preservation is one of the most important priorities of today's agriculture. Wheat ( spp. L.

In Vitro Faecal Fermentation of Monomeric and Oligomeric Flavan-3-ols: Catabolic Pathways and Stoichiometry.

Scope: The study evaluates the influence of flavan-3-ol structure on the production of phenolic catabolites, principally phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs), and phenylvaleric acids (PVAs).

Methods And Results: A set of 12 monomeric flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (degree of polymerization (DP) of 2-5), are fermented in vitro for 24 h using human faecal microbiota, and catabolism is analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Up to 32 catabolites strictly related to microbial catabolism of parent compounds are detected.

Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to breads formulated with different wheat evolutionary populations (Triticum aestivum L.): A randomized controlled trial on healthy subjects.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breads made with two different wheat evolutionary populations (EPs), compared with a modern variety, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses. A randomized controlled crossover postprandial study involving 12 healthy subjects was conducted. Seven non-commercial breads produced with flours from two different bread wheat (T.

Glycemic Index Values of Pasta Products: An Overview.

Durum wheat pasta is considered a low-glycemic index (GI) food. In recent years, the interest in developing enriched pasta has increased. Since both the formulation and processing technologies may affect the GI, this study aimed to investigate the GI values of pasta products (pp) reported in the literature until 2020.

Pasta Structure Affects Mastication, Bolus Properties, and Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Healthy Adults.

Background: Structure and protein-starch interactions in pasta products can be responsible for lower postprandial glycemic responses compared with other cereal foods.

Objectives: We tested the effect on postprandial glucose metabolism induced by 2 pasta products, couscous, and bread, through their structural changes during mastication and simulated gastric digestion.

Methods: Two randomized controlled trials (n = 30/trial) in healthy, normal-weight adults (mean BMI of 23.

In vitro (poly)phenol catabolism of unformulated- and phytosome-formulated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts.

Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) represent an important source of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. This study aimed at investigating in vitro the human microbial metabolism of (poly)phenols, principally flavan-3-ols, of unformulated- and phytosome-formulated cranberry extracts. After powder characterization, a 24-h fermentation with human faecal slurries was performed, standardizing the concentration of incubated proanthocyanidins.

The importance of glycemic index on post-prandial glycaemia in the context of mixed meals: A randomized controlled trial on pasta and rice.

Background And Aims: Post-prandial glycemic response (PPGR) depends on the intrinsic characteristic of the carbohydrate-rich foods as well as on the amount and type of other nutrients. This study aimed to explore whether the addition of condiments can affect the difference in PPGR between a low and a medium-high Glycemic Index (GI) food.

Methods And Results: Spaghetti (S) and rice ® were consumed plain and after adding tomato sauce and extra virgin olive oil (TEVOO), or pesto sauce (P).

The Human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations: An In Vitro Evaluation.

Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonols, but its beneficial properties in disease prevention may be limited due to its scarce bioavailability. For this purpose, delivery systems have been designed to enhance both stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at investigating the human microbial metabolism of quercetin derived from unformulated and phytosome-formulated quercetin through an in vitro model.