Ceftobiprole Medocaril: A New Fifth-Generation Cephalosporin.

Objective: The objective was to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of intravenous ceftobiprole in the treatment of bloodstream infections, acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Data Sources: PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftobiprole medocaril sodium, Zevtera, and BAL5788.

TgATG9 is required for autophagosome biogenesis and maintenance of chronic infection in .

is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can reside long-term within hosts as intracellular tissue cysts comprised of chronic stage bradyzoites. To perturb chronic infection requires a better understanding of the cellular processes that mediate parasite persistence. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic and homeostatic pathway that is required for chronic infection, although the molecular details of this process remain poorly understood.

Optimizing Heparin Quality Assurance Utilizing Electronic Data Abstraction.

Heparin is a high-risk medication with significant variability across patients. Systematic data analysis can help hospitals improve heparin management, ensuring safe and effective anticoagulation. An opportunity exists to create a more efficient data collection process, allowing hospitals to streamline quality assurance programs.

Treatment of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism with factor Xa inhibitors in severely obese patients.

Background: A paucity of data exists to support the use of factor (F)Xa inhibitors in severely obese patients with a weight of ≥150 kg or body mass index (BMI) of ≥50 kg/m.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether FXa inhibitors are as safe and effective as warfarin for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or venous thromboembolism (VTE) in individuals with a BMI of ≥50 kg/m and/or weight of ≥150 kg.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of severely obese adult patients with AF and/or VTE treated with a FXa inhibitor or warfarin.

The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism.

This study investigated whether ghrelin mimetics, namely anamorelin and ipamorelin, can alleviate weight loss and inhibition of feeding observed during acute and delayed phases of cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets. The potential of anamorelin to inhibit electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions of isolated ferret ileum was compared with ipamorelin. In other experiments, ferrets were administered anamorelin (1-3 mg/kg), ipamorelin (1-3 mg/kg), or vehicle intraperitoneally (i.

TgATG9 is required for autophagosome biogenesis and maintenance of chronic infection in .

is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that can reside long-term within hosts as intracellular tissue cysts comprised of chronic stage bradyzoites. To perturb chronic infection requires a better understanding of the cellular processes that mediate parasite persistence. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic and homeostatic pathway that is required for chronic infection, although the molecular details of this process remain poorly understood.

Timing of Off-Label Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Three Large Health Systems.

Background:  While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be viewed as simpler to manage then warfarin, they present their own unique management challenges resulting in frequent off-label dosing. It is unknown to what extent off-label dosing occurs when a patient is started on a DOAC versus later in their treatment.

Objectives:  We aimed to better characterize when off-label DOAC dosing is occurring and to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribing oversight using a registry-based intervention.

CRISPR-based functional profiling of the Toxoplasma gondii genome during acute murine infection.

Examining host-pathogen interactions in animals can capture aspects of infection that are obscured in cell culture. Using CRISPR-based screens, we functionally profile the entire genome of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii during murine infection. Barcoded gRNAs enabled bottleneck detection and mapping of population structures within parasite lineages.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and resistance of Gram-negative bacilli and antimicrobial consumption in the intensive care units of a referral hospital in Buenos Aires.

Background: There was a reported increase in the antimicrobial consumption in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by an increase in infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.

Methods: This retrospective time series study from intensive care units in Buenos Aires examined changes in antibiotic consumption (defined daily doses/1000 patients/day), the incidence of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and the mechanism of resistance. Antibiotics were categorised into group 1 (agents against MDR GNB) and group 2 (agents against non-MDR infections).

Penicillin allergy reassessment for treatment improvement: A dental office tool to support appropriate penicillin allergy labeling.

Background: Dental appointments offer an opportunity to evaluate a documented penicillin (PCN) allergy and determine whether the patient might be a candidate for medical reassessment of their allergy. The authors gathered feedback on the Penicillin Allergy Reassessment for Treatment Improvement (PARTI) tool, designed to enhance dentist-patient communications regarding PCN allergies.

Methods: From January 2022 through May 2023, the authors conducted a mixed-methods study, collecting focus group data from patients with PCN allergies and surveying health care workers (HCWs) regarding the PARTI tool.

Factor Xa Inhibitors versus warfarin in patients with morbid obesity and atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: Factor Xa Inhibitors have emerged as a first-line agent in the management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), but there is a need for additional data surrounding their use in the morbidly obese population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Factor Xa Inhibitors are as safe and effective as warfarin for the treatment of NVAF in individuals with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m and/or weight ≥ 120 kg.

Methods: This was a multi-center retrospective cohort study comparing the use of Factor Xa Inhibitors (apixaban and rivaroxaban) to warfarin for the management of NVAF in adult patients with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m and/or weight ≥ 120 kg.

Larval precompetency and settlement behaviour in 25 Indo-Pacific coral species.

Knowledge of coral larval precompetency periods and maximum competency windows is fundamental to understanding coral population dynamics, informing biogeography and connectivity patterns, and predicting reef recovery following disturbances. Yet for many species, estimates of these early-life history metrics are scarce and vary widely. Furthermore, settlement cues for many taxa are not known despite consequences to habitat selection.

A Multi-institutional Analysis of Factors Influencing the Rate of Positive MRI Biopsy Among Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) is increasing, but its utility in detecting additional malignancy is unclear and delays surgical management (Jatoi and Benson in Future Oncol 9:347-353, 2013. https://doi.org/10.

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Low Body Weight Critically Ill Patients.

Objective: To compare bleeding and thromboembolic events in low body weight patients receiving reduced-dose venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis versus standard-dose VTE prophylaxis.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.

Setting: Five Ascension Health Hospitals.

Cost, Utilization, and Patient and Family Experience With ACO-Based Pediatric Care Management.

Background And Objectives: Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs have high healthcare utilization, fragmented care, and unmet health needs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) increasingly use pediatric care management to improve quality and reduce unnecessary utilization. We evaluated effects of pediatric care management on total medical expense (TME) and utilization; perceived quality of care coordination, unmet needs, and patient and family experience; and differential impact by payor, risk score, care manager discipline, and behavioral health diagnosis.

Does Melatonin Decrease the Use of As-Needed Antipsychotics or Benzodiazepines in Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patients? A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome without an FDA-approved treatment. Commonly used modalities show little improvement in outcomes; therefore, prevention efforts are imperative. Abnormalities in the sleep/wake cycle have been linked to delirium, and melatonin has been proposed to replace the hypothesized low levels of endogenous melatonin and restore sleep/wake cycle synchronization.

Efficacy and safety of factor Xa inhibitors in low body weight patients.

Study Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for the safety and efficacy of factor Xa inhibitors in patients with a weight ≤60 kg or BMI < 18.5 kg/m .

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.

Linking differences in microbial network structure with changes in coral larval settlement.

Coral cover and recruitment have decreased on reefs worldwide due to climate change-related disturbances. Achieving reliable coral larval settlement under aquaculture conditions is critical for reef restoration programmes; however, this can be challenging due to the lack of reliable and universal larval settlement cues. To investigate the role of microorganisms in coral larval settlement, we undertook a settlement choice experiment with larvae of the coral Acropora tenuis and microbial biofilms grown for different periods on the reef and in aquaria.

The development of compulsive coping behavior depends on dorsolateral striatum dopamine-dependent mechanisms.

Humans greatly differ in how they cope with stress, a natural behavior learnt through negative reinforcement. Some individuals engage in displacement activities, others in exercise or comfort eating, and others still in alcohol use. Across species, adjunctive behaviors, such as polydipsic drinking, are used as a form of displacement activity that reduces stress.

Vepafestinib is a pharmacologically advanced RET-selective inhibitor with high CNS penetration and inhibitory activity against RET solvent front mutations.

RET receptor tyrosine kinase is activated in various cancers (lung, thyroid, colon and pancreatic, among others) through oncogenic fusions or gain-of-function single-nucleotide variants. Small-molecule RET kinase inhibitors became standard-of-care therapy for advanced malignancies driven by RET. The therapeutic benefit of RET inhibitors is limited, however, by acquired mutations in the drug target as well as brain metastasis, presumably due to inadequate brain penetration.

Comparing Post-operative Opioid Consumption before and after a Patient-Controlled Analgesia Shortage: A Re-evaluation of Safety and Effectiveness.

This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare post-surgical opioid consumption before and after a PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) shortage. The study evaluated patients who received PCA nurse-administered opioid analgesia (non-PCA). Two hundred and twenty-four patients ≥18 years who were initiated on analgesia within 24 h of surgery were included.