Interobserver agreement among pathologists for semiquantitative hormone receptor scoring in breast carcinoma.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines recommend reporting of hormone receptor test results in a semiquantitative manner. This study used 74 resected estrogen receptor (ER)-positive invasive breast cancers to determine reproducibility of semiquantitative scoring of hormone receptors using the H-score method. Four pathologists independently scored each slide.

Sequence variation in promoter of Ica1 gene, which encodes protein implicated in type 1 diabetes, causes transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) to increase its binding and down-regulate expression.

ICA69 (islet cell autoantigen 69 kDa) is a protein implicated in type 1 diabetes mellitus in both the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model and humans. ICA69 is encoded by the Ica1 gene on mouse chromosome 6 A1-A2. We previously reported reduced ICA69 expression in the thymus of NOD mice compared with thymus of several non-diabetic mouse strains.

Quantification of CpG island methylation in progressive breast lesions from normal to invasive carcinoma.

Epigenetic silencing of specific genes is associated with cancer progression. CpG islands are present at higher frequency in promoter regions, their methylation leading to gene underexpression. Pyrosequencing provides sequencing analysis of genetic markers, e.

Serum phosphate and lactate vary with FSH in an early postmenopausal population.

Objective: We examined serum in recent postmenopausal women to determine the relationship of menopausal status, as FSH level, to serum acid-base balance.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Serum electrolytes of 58 women, aged 53-58, were measured relative to serum FSH. The subjects were over one year since the last menstrual period and were from an academic practice setting.

Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment strategies for women with pelvic inflammatory disease: results from the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Randomized Trial.

Objective: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common and morbid intraperitoneal infection. Although most women with pelvic inflammatory disease are treated as outpatients, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unproven.

Study Design: We enrolled 831 women with clinical signs and symptoms of mild-to-moderate pelvic inflammatory disease into a multicenter randomized clinical trial of inpatient treatment initiated by intravenous cefoxitin and doxycycline versus outpatient treatment that consisted of a single intramuscular injection of cefoxitin and oral doxycycline.

Y Chromosomal Sequences Identified in Gonadal Tissue of Two 45,X Patients with Turner Syndrome.

We examined excised gonadal tissue obtained from two 45,X patients for evidence of Y chromosomal material. Both patients had features atypical for individuals with Turner syndrome, a large dysgerminoma in patient 1 and clitoromegaly in patient 2. Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA was performed for five Y chromosome-specific probes (SRY, ZFY.