Lack of Arabidopsis chloroplastic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (G6PD1) affects lipid synthesis during cold stress response.

Cold stress represents one of the major constraints for agricultural systems and crops productivity, inducing a wide range of negative effects. Particularly, long-term cold stress affects lipid metabolism, modifying the lipids/proteins ratio, the levels of phospholipids and glycolipids, and increasing lipids' unsaturation in bio-membranes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) reported prominent roles as NADPH suppliers in response to oxidative perturbations.

The Janus effect of colloidal self-assembly on the biological response of amphiphilic drugs.

In aqueous environment amphiphilic molecules organize themselves into supramolecular structures deeply affecting the chemo-physical properties. Supramolecular assemby is also crucial in the pharmaceutical development of bioactive lipophilic molecules whose attitude to self-aggregate is a recognized factor affecting the in vivo pharmacokinetic, but can also play a crucial role in the interaction with the biological targets in in vitro tests. In aqueous solution, amphiphilic drugs exist in a complex equilibrium involving free monomers, oligomers and larger supramolecular aggregates held together by noncovalent bonds.

Chemical and Pharmacological Prospection of the Ascidian .

Marine invertebrates are a traditional source of natural products with relevant biological properties. Tunicates are soft-bodied, solitary or colonial, sessile organisms that provide compounds unique in their structure and activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition of the ascidian , selected on the basis of a positive result in biological screening for ligands of relevant receptors of the innate immune system, including TLR2, TLR4, dectin-1b, and TREM2.

BODIPY-Based Analogue of the TREM2-Binding Molecular Adjuvant Sulfavant A, a Chemical Tool for Imaging and Tracking Biological Systems.

Recently, we described synthetic sulfolipids named Sulfavants as a novel class of molecular adjuvants based on the sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol skeleton. The members of this family, Sulfavant A (), Sulfavant R (), and Sulfavant S (), showed important effects on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)-induced differentiation and maturation of human dendritic cells (hDC), through a novel cell mechanism underlying the regulation of the immune response. As these molecules are involved in biological TREM2-mediated processes crucial for cell survival, here, we report the synthesis and application of a fluorescent analogue of Sulfavant A bearing the 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza--indacene moiety (Me-BODIPY).

Potential of Lipid Biosynthesis under Heterotrophy in the Marine Diatom .

Despite the theoretical high productivity, microalgae-based oil production is not economically sustainable due to the high cost of photoautotrophic cultures. Heterotrophic growth is a suitable economic alternative to overcoming light dependence and climatic/geographic fluctuations. Here we report data about growth performance, biomass production, and lipid composition of the marine diatom , chosen as a model strain for biodiesel production in heterothrophy.

Marine natural product lepadin A as a novel inducer of immunogenic cell death via CD91-dependent pathway.

Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) represents a mechanism of enhancing T cell-driven response against tumor cells. The process is enabled by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines by dying cells. Based on molecular studies and clinical marker assessment, ICD can be a new target for cancer chemotherapy hitherto restricted to a few conventional anticancer drugs.

The immunoregulatory effect of the TREM2-agonist Sulfavant A in human allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction.

Introduction: Sulfavant A (SULF A) is a synthetic derivative of naturally occurring sulfolipids. The molecule triggers TREM2-related maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and has shown promising adjuvant activity in a cancer vaccine model.

Methods: the immunomodulatory activity of SULF A is tested in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells and naïve T lymphocytes from human donors.

Occurrence of Capnophilic Lactic Fermentation in the Hyperthermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium sp. Strain RQ7.

Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) is an anaplerotic pathway exclusively identified in the anaerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium , a member of the order Thermotogales. The CO-activated pathway enables non-competitive synthesis of hydrogen and L-lactic acid at high yields, making it an economically attractive process for bioenergy production. In this work, we discovered and characterized CLF in sp.

Antitumor Potential of Immunomodulatory Natural Products.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. Anticancer drugs aim to block tumor growth by killing cancerous cells in order to prevent tumor progression and metastasis. Efficient anticancer drugs should also minimize general toxicity towards organs and healthy cells.

Fractionation Protocol of Marine Metabolites.

Marine organisms are well known for their capability to produce chemically unique and biological relevant small molecules. However, marine extracts are complex mixtures of compounds with a huge presence of salts. Thus, biological screening and chemical analysis of marine extracts pose specific technical constraints and require adequate sample preparation.

Sulfavant A as the first synthetic TREM2 ligand discloses a homeostatic response of dendritic cells after receptor engagement.

Objective: The immune response arises from a fine balance of mechanisms that provide for surveillance, tolerance, and elimination of dangers. Sulfavant A (SULF A) is a sulfolipid with a promising adjuvant activity. Here we studied the mechanism of action of SULF A and addressed the identification of its molecular target in human dendritic cells (hDCs).

Direct evidence of the impact of aqueous self-assembly on biological behavior of amphiphilic molecules: The case study of molecular immunomodulators Sulfavants.

Sulfavant A and Sulfavant R, sulfoquinovoside-glycerol lipids under study as vaccine adjuvants, structurally differ only for the configuration of glyceridic carbon, R/S and R respectively. The in vitro activity of these substances follows a bell-shaped dose-response curve, but Sulfavant A gave the best response around 20 µM, while Sulfavant R at 10 nM. Characterization of aqueous self-assembly of these molecules by a multi-technique approach clarified the divergent and controversial biological outcome.

Silencing of a Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth.

Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists. Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo- and regio-selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15.

Improvement of CO and Acetate Coupling into Lactic Acid by Genetic Manipulation of the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium .

Capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) represents an attractive biotechnological process for biohydrogen production and synthesis of L-lactic acid from acetate and CO. The present study focuses on a genetic manipulation approach of the DSM33003 strain to enhance lactic acid synthesis by the heterologous expression of a thermostable acetyl-CoA synthetase that catalyses the irreversible acetate assimilation. Because of the scarcity of available genetic tools, each transformation step was optimized for DSM33003 to cope with the specific needs of the host strain.

Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic Cultivation of the Marine Diatom for EPA Production.

Recently, the marketable value of ω-3 fatty acid, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), increased considering their health effects for human consumption. Microalgae are considered a valuable and "green" source of EPA alternative to fish oils, but considerable efforts are necessary for their exploitation at an industrial level. Due to the high operation costs of photoautotrophic microalgae cultivation, heterotrophic growth represents a promising economic solution.

Kinetic modeling of hydrogen and L-lactic acid production by Thermotoga neapolitana via capnophilic lactic fermentation of starch.

This study investigated the feasibility of hydrogen (H) and L-lactic acid production from starch under capnophilic lactic fermentation (CLF) conditions by using Thermotoga neapolitana. Batch experiments were performed in 120 mL serum bottles and a 3 L pH-controlled continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) system with potato and wheat starch as the substrates. A H yield of 3.

Effect of Cultivation Parameters on Fermentation and Hydrogen Production in the Phylum .

The phylum is composed of a single class (), 4 orders (), 5 families (), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the species. The metabolic versatility of members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields.

A New Bioassay Platform Design for the Discovery of Small Molecules with Anticancer Immunotherapeutic Activity.

Immunotherapy takes advantage of the immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate neoplastic cells. The research in the field has already led to major breakthroughs to treat cancer. In this work, we describe a platform that integrates bioassays to test the immune response and direct antitumor effects for the preclinical discovery of anticancer candidates.

Hyperthermiphile biofilms of on different materials and electrostimulated: SEM micrographs and chemical data of the glucose fermentation in electrochemical reactors.

Hyperthermophile bacteria were seldom investigated in bioelectrochemical systems although they allow more effective control of the inoculum in comparison with mesophilic bacteria. Biofilm formed in hyperthermophilic conditions (>60 °C) also rarely was documented (d'Ippolito et al., 2020; Belkin et al.

RNA-Seq and differential gene expression analysis in Temora stylifera copepod females with contrasting non-feeding nauplii survival rates: an environmental transcriptomics study.

Background: Copepods are fundamental components of pelagic food webs, but reports on how molecular responses link to reproductive success in natural populations are still scarce. We present a de novo transcriptome assembly and differential expression (DE) analysis in Temora stylifera females collected in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, where this copepod dominates the zooplankton community. High-Throughput RNA-Sequencing and DE analysis were performed from adult females collected on consecutive weeks (May 23rd and 30th 2017), because opposite naupliar survival rates were observed.

Preparation, Supramolecular Aggregation and Immunological Activity of the Bona Fide Vaccine Adjuvant Sulfavant S.

In aqueous conditions, amphiphilic bioactive molecules are able to form self-assembled colloidal structures modifying their biological activity. This behavior is generally neglected in preclinical studies, despite its impact on pharmacological development. In this regard, a significative example is represented by a new class of amphiphilic marine-inspired vaccine adjuvants, collectively named Sulfavants, based on the β-sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglyceride skeleton.