Multi-generation effects of lead (Pb) on two Daphnia species.

Two monophyletic Daphnia species (Daphnia magna and D. similis) were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of Pb (50 µg/L) for nine generations under two food regimes (usual and restricted) and analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, first reproduction delay, lifespan, and net reproductive rate (R0) at the subcellular, individual, and population levels, respectively. In the sixth generation, Pb-acclimated neonates were moved to clean media for three more generations to check for recovery.

Acute Toxicity of Daphnia magna Neonates Exposed to Single and Composite Mixtures of Four Emerging Contaminants.

The effects of emerging contaminants on environmental health are of high concern, especially those potentially induced by mixtures. We assessed single and composite mixtures of triclosan (T), 17β-estradiol (E2), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and nicotine (N) at various concentrations, on neonates of Daphnia magna. When used in single exposure, T and N induced high toxicity (100% immobility, each one), compared to SMX and E2 (2.

Metal Bioaccumulation by the Neotropical Clam Anomalocardia flexuosa to Estimate the Quality of Estuarine Sediments.

This investigation evaluated the bioaccumulation potential of the tropical estuarine bivalve Anomalocardia flexuosa for trace metals. To this aim, chemical and sedimentological analyses and bioaccumulation tests were performed. The sediments were mainly composed by fine-sands and mud, with variable levels of organic matter and CaCO.

Effects of abamectin-based and difenoconazole-based formulations and their mixtures in Daphnia magna: a multiple endpoint approach.

This study evaluated the toxicity of pesticide formulations Kraft® 36 EC (active ingredient-a.i. abamectin) and Score® 250 EC (a.

Heavy Metals in Tissues of Blue Crabs Callinectes danae from a Subtropical Protected Estuary Influenced by Mining Residues.

This short note aims to report in detail a preliminary assessment of the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in tissues of blue crabs Callinectes danae collected from the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe estuarine complex (CIP), in the South of São Paulo State coast, Brazil. In October 2014, blue crabs were collected from CIP. Tissues were removed by dissection and metal determination was performed by GF-AAS and CV-AAS.

Combined effects of temperature and copper on oxygen consumption and antioxidant responses in the mudflat fiddler crab Minuca rapax (Brachyura, Ocypodidae).

This study investigates the combined effects of waterborne copper exposure and acute temperature change on oxygen consumption and the oxidative stress biomarkers, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the gills and hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Minuca rapax. Crabs held at 25 °C were acclimated to 0 (control), 50, 250 or 500 μg Cu L for 21 days, and were then subjected to 15, 25 and 35 °C for 24 h. Aerial oxygen consumption rates of crabs in copper free media increased with increasing temperature from 15 to 35 °C, Q values reaching ≈3.

Levels of metals and toxicity in sediments from a Ramsar site influenced by former mining activities.

This study aimed to evaluate the sediment quality in a Ramsar site located in the Southeast Brazil, by using several lines of evidence (LOEs). Chemical and sedimentological analyses, ecotoxicological tests, and whole-sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) were performed. The sediments were predominantly composed of fine sands and muds.

Pollution status of marine protected areas worldwide and the consequent toxic effects are unknown.

Chemical pollution is considered a factor that may threaten marine protected areas (MPAs), and recent studies have found contamination and associated biological effects in some MPAs. However, organized data on this topic are lacking. This study reviewed the literature on pollution in MPAs in order to compile data, determine whether MPAs are influenced by pollution and, whenever possible, describe how they are being affected by contaminants.

Metals and arsenic in fish from a Ramsar site under past and present human pressures: Consumption risk factors to the local population.

The risk of metals and As in seafood for traditional populations living in a Marine Protected Areas (MPA) is seldom assessed, although the risk of human exposure to contaminants is one of the indicators associated with the socioeconomic goals of MPAs. The current study aimed to estimate the potential risk of some metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) and arsenic (As) for human health through the ingestion of fish locally harvested in a Ramsar site, the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Environmental Protected Area (APA-CIP). Previous studies showed environmental impacts in this area due to former mining activities and urbanization.

Integrative assessment of sediment quality in lower basin affected by former mining in Brazil.

The Ribeira de Iguape River (Southeast Brazil) is metal contaminated by mining activities. Despite it has been cataloged as "in via of restoration" by the literature, this basin is still a sink of pollution in some segments of the fluvial system. This study aimed to assess the sediment quality in the lower part of the RIR basin.

Multiple Biomarker Responses in Corbicula fluminea Exposed to Copper in Laboratory Toxicity Tests.

This study evaluated the alteration of the enzymatic system of the freshwater Asian clam exposed to different copper concentrations. Individuals of Corbicula fluminea were exposed to different concentrations of dissolved Cu (0.5, 1, and 2 mg L(-1)) for 7 days, then, biomarkers of oxidative stress (GST, GPx, GR), exposure (MTs), effect (AChE), and damage (LPO, DNA strand breaks) were quantified.

Using an integrated approach to assess the sediment quality of an estuary from the semi-arid coast of Brazil.

The Jundiaí-Potengi Estuary (JPE) on the semi-arid coast of Brazil is influenced by multiple sources of pollution. Sediment quality at 10 JPE sites was evaluated through an integrated approach. Rainy and dry seasons were considered.

Assessing genotoxic effects in fish from a marine protected area influenced by former mining activities and other stressors.

The goal of the current study was to evaluate different genotoxicity tools in order to assess a marine protected area (MPA) affected by former mining activities and urban settlements. A catfish (Cathorops spixii) was analyzed for genotoxic effects at the (i) molecular and at the (ii) chromosomal levels. Through factor analysis, genotoxicity was found to be linked to levels of metals bioaccumulated and PAH metabolites in the bile.

Assessing pollution in marine protected areas: the role of a multi-biomarker and multi-organ approach.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are vulnerable to many pressures, including pollution. However, environmental quality monitoring in these areas traditionally relies on only water chemistry and microbiological parameters. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of a set of biomarkers in different target organs (liver, kidney, and gills) of fish in order to assess the environmental quality of an MPA (MTs, GPx, GST, GSH, DNA damage, LPO, AChE, and condition index).

Use, development and improvements in the protocol of whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluation using benthic copepods.

The whole-sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) approach is a useful technique that allows for the identification of the contaminants responsible for the toxicity of complex sediment samples. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of this technique in identifying the causes of toxicity when the test organism used in the toxicity test is capable of ingesting sediment particles. Two forms of exposure were compared: whole-sediment (WS), which integrates dermic and dietary exposures; and sediment-water interface (SWI), which involves dermic exposure only.

Cumulative influences of a small city and former mining activities on the sediment quality of a subtropical estuarine protected area.

This study aimed to evaluate the sediment quality in the estuarine protected area known as Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe (CIP-PA), located on the southeastern coast of Brazil. The study was designed considering possible negative effects induced by the city of Cananéia on the sediment quality of surrounding areas. This evaluation was performed using chemical and ecotoxicological analyses.