Nanopore-Enabled Microbiome Analysis: Investigating Environmental and Host-Associated Samples in Rainbow Trout Aquaculture.

Microbiome sequencing is at the forefront of health management development, and as such, it is becoming of great interest to monitor the microbiome in the aquaculture industry as well. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platforms are gaining popularity to study microbial communities, enabling faster sequencing, extended read length, and therefore, improved taxonomic resolution. Despite this, there is a lack of clear guidelines to perform a metabarcoding study, especially when dealing with samples from non-mammalian species, such as aquaculture-related samples.

CHD8 suppression impacts on histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation and alters RNA alternative splicing.

Disruptive mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 gene (CHD8) have been recurrently associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here we investigated how chromatin reacts to CHD8 suppression by analyzing a panel of histone modifications in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors. CHD8 suppression led to significant reduction (47.

Design and Delivery of SINEUP: A New Modular Tool to Increase Protein Translation.

SINEUP is a new class of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which contain an inverted Short Interspersed Nuclear Element (SINE) B2 element (invSINEB2) necessary to specifically upregulate target gene translation. Originally identified in the mouse AS-Uchl1 (antisense Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1) locus, natural SINEUP molecules are oriented head to head to their sense protein coding, target gene (Uchl1, in this example). Peculiarly, SINEUP is able to augment, in a specific and controlled way, the expression of the target protein, with no alteration of target mRNA levels.

Natural SINEUP RNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Dysregulation in a Neuronal Suppression Model Leads to RAB11B Protein Increase.

represents one of the highest confidence genetic risk factors implied in Autism Spectrum Disorders, with most mutations leading to haploinsufficiency and the insurgence of specific phenotypes, such as macrocephaly, facial dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, and gastrointestinal complaints. While extensive studies have been conducted on the possible consequences of suppression and protein coding RNAs dysregulation during neuronal development, the effects of transcriptional changes of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain unclear. In this study, we focused on a peculiar class of natural antisense lncRNAs, SINEUPs, that enhance translation of a target mRNA through the activity of two RNA domains, an embedded transposable element sequence and an antisense region.

Ratio Aβ1-42:p-Tau: a Possible Diagnostic Tool in Differentiating Dementias.

Background: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a typical biochemical profile of biomarkers: low concentration of β amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), high concentration of total Tau (t-Tau) and phosphorylated Tau at threonine 181 (p-Tau). Several neurodegenerative diseases may overlap with AD, both in regards to clinical symptoms and neuropathology. Many data suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology can be identified using biomarkers.

Clinical and cognitive correlates of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Background: The presence of recurrent complex visual hallucinations (VHs) is a core feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The aim of this study was to investigate which clinical and neuropsychological characteristics are associated with VHs and their predictive value over a 1 year follow-up.

Methods: 81 DLB patients, 41 with (VH+) and 36 without (VH-) VHs, and 45 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), were enrolled.

LDL density and oxidation are modulated by PON1 promoter genotype in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Cholesterol metabolism alteration is a hot topic in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, data on plasma lipoproteins cholesterol distribution and oxidation in AD and their possible genetic determinants are lacking. The paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene -107C/T promoter polymorphisms have been found associated with AD.

Accuracy of diagnostic criteria for sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease among rapidly progressive dementia.

Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a rare presentation of different neurological disorders characterized by cognitive impairment leading to loss of functional independence within 24 months or less. The increasing recognition of treatable non-prion causes of RPD has made the differential diagnosis with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) of crucial importance. We therefore assessed the frequency of different etiologies of RPD and evaluated the accuracy of newly proposed diagnostic criteria for sCJD.