Excess fructose and fatty acids trigger a model of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease progression in vitro: Protective effect of the flavonoid silybin.

Overconsumption of fats and sugars is a major cause of development of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main objectives of the present study were to explore the pathways sustaining the interfering metabolic effects of excess fructose and fatty acids in hepatocytes, and to clarify the mechanisms through which the nutraceutical silybin rescues the functional and metabolic alterations that are associated with the NALFD progression. Cultured hepatocytes were exposed to fructose and fatty acids, alone or in combination, to induce different grades of steatosis in vitro.

The Nutraceutic Silybin Counteracts Excess Lipid Accumulation and Ongoing Oxidative Stress in an Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), are major consequences of hepatic lipid overload, which can contribute to progression of NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Also, mitochondria are involved in the NAFLD pathogenesis for their role in hepatic lipid metabolism.

Polyphenolic extract attenuates fatty acid-induced steatosis and oxidative stress in hepatic and endothelial cells.

Purpose: Phenolic compounds (PC) of virgin olive oil exert several biochemical and pharmacological beneficial effects. Some dietary PC seem to prevent/improve obesity and metabolic-related disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the possible effects of PC extracted from olive pomace (PEOP) and of the main single molecules present in the extract (tyrosol, apigenin, oleuropein, p-coumaric and caffeic acid) in protecting hepatocytes and endothelial cells against triglyceride accumulation and oxidative stress.

Silybin counteracts lipid excess and oxidative stress in cultured steatotic hepatic cells.

Aim: To investigate in vitro the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of silybin in a cellular model of hepatic steatosis.

Methods: Rat hepatoma FaO cells were loaded with lipids by exposure to 0.75 mmol/L oleate/palmitate for 3 h to mimic liver steatosis.

Ethanol and fatty acids impair lipid homeostasis in an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis.

Excess ethanol consumption and fatty acid intake lead to a cumulative effect on liver steatosis through still unclear mechanisms. This study aimed to characterize the lipid homoeostasis alterations under the exposure of hepatocytes to ethanol alone or combined with fatty acids. FaO hepatoma cells were incubated in the absence (C) or in the presence of 100 mM ethanol (EtOH) or 0.

Triglyceride Mobilization from Lipid Droplets Sustains the Anti-Steatotic Action of Iodothyronines in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes.

Adipose tissue, dietary lipids and de novo lipogenesis are sources of hepatic free fatty acids (FFAs) that are stored in lipid droplets (LDs) as triacylglycerols (TAGs). Destiny of TAGs stored in LDs is determined by LD proteomic equipment. When adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) localizes at LD surface the lipid mobilization is stimulated.

Altered oxidative stress/antioxidant status in blood of alcoholic subjects is associated with alcoholic liver disease.

Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This study investigated the possible correlation among the erythrocyte indices of oxidative stress, the leukocyte panels of antioxidant proteins (metallothioneins), the serum biochemical parameters and the liver steatosis grade.

Methods: A total of 118 cases including 60 alcoholic subjects and 58 controls were enrolled.