Effect of different CPAP levels on ultrasound-assessed lung aeration and gas exchange in neonates.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea (TTN) are the two commonest neonatal respiratory disorders. The optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat them is unknown. We aim to clarify the effect of different CPAP levels on lung aeration and gas exchange in patients with RDS and TTN.

Global and Regional Heterogeneity of Lung Aeration in Neonates with Different Respiratory Disorders: A Physiologic Observational Study.

Background: Aeration heterogeneity affects lung stress and influences outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The authors hypothesize that aeration heterogeneity may differ between neonatal respiratory disorders and is associated with oxygenation, so its evaluation may be relevant in managing respiratory support.

Methods: This was an observational prospective study.

Ultrasound-assessed lung aeration, oxygenation and respiratory care in neonatal bile acid pneumonia: A nested case-control study.

Aim: Neonatal bile acid pneumonia (NBAP) occurs in neonates following obstetric cholestasis. We aimed to study the lung aeration and respiratory support of NBAP.

Methods: Nested, case/control study enrolling age-matched neonates with NBAP, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnoea (TTN).

Ultra-high frequency lung ultrasound in preterm neonates: a test validation study on interpretation agreement and reliability.

Objective: To verify if increasing frequency, through the use of ultra-high frequency transducers, has an impact on lung ultrasound pattern recognition.

Design: Test validation study.

Setting: Tertiary academic referral neonatal intensive care unit.

Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Performed by Neonatologists With Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine to Treat Fluid Overload During Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Series.

Objectives: A new device is available for neonates needing extracorporeal renal replacement therapy. We reviewed the use of this device (in continuous venovenous hemofiltration [CVVH] mode) in term or preterm neonates affected by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with fluid overload.

Design: Case series.

Respiratory and haemodynamic effects of 6h-pronation in neonates recovering from respiratory distress syndrome, or affected by acute respiratory distress syndrome or evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a prospective, physiological, crossover, controlled cohort study.

Background: Pronation ameliorates oxygenation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); the effect in neonates with ARDS or other types of respiratory failure is unknown. We aimed to verify if pronation has similar respiratory and haemodynamic effects in three common types of neonatal respiratory failure.

Methods: Prospective, physiologic, crossover, quasi-randomised, controlled cohort study performed in a tertiary academic neonatal intensive care unit.

Systematic review and synthesis of stillbirths and late miscarriages following SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the characteristics of fetal demise after SARS-CoV-2 infections and clarify whether it is associated with clinical severity, placental lesions, or malformations or due to actual fetal infections.

Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched between December 1, 2019, and April 30, 2022.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies and case series or case reports describing stillbirths or late miscarriages (ie, pregnancy loss occurring between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation, before and after the onset of labor) from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (demonstrated by at least 1 positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasopharyngeal swabs and/or SARS-CoV-2 placental infection).

CARPEDIEM® for continuous kidney replacement therapy in neonates and small infants: a French multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine (CA.R.P.

Enhanced INSURE (ENSURE): an updated and standardised reference for surfactant administration.

There is no firm consensus about the optimal technique for the administration of exogenous surfactant in preterm neonates, and different techniques may be equally effective. The intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) procedure has not been fully described, and important details, such as duration and mode of ventilation, remain unclear, leading to significant clinical practice variations and influencing its suitability and feasibility. Since the first INSURE description, our knowledge in respiratory care has largely progressed, but the technique has not been updated according to current evidence-based practice.

Effect of inspired gas temperature on lung mechanics and gas exchange in neonates in normothermia or therapeutic hypothermia.

Background: Respiratory critical care guidelines suggest heating the air/oxygen mixture but do not recommend a specific temperature target. We aimed to clarify if the inspired gas temperature influences lung mechanics and gas exchange in intubated patients treated with whole body hypothermia (WBH) or normothermia (NT).

Methods: Prospective cohort study enrolling neonates ventilated for perinatal asphyxia resuscitation (no lung disease) or acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Refractive Outcome in Preterm Newborns With ROP After Propranolol Treatment. A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Recent explorative studies suggest that propranolol reduces retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) progression, but the short-term effects of propranolol treatment at 1 year of corrected age have not been extensively evaluated. A multi-center retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to assess the physical development and the refractive outcome of infants with prior ROP treated with propranolol. Forty-nine infants treated with propranolol were compared with an equal number of patients who did not receive any propranolol therapy and represent the control group, with comparable anthropometrical characteristics and stages of ROP.

Propranolol 0.2% Eye Micro-Drops for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Prospective Phase IIB Study.

Oral propranolol reduces retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) progression, although not safely. Propranolol 0.1% eye micro-drops administered to newborns with stage 2 ROP are well-tolerated, but not sufficiently effective.

Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol 0.2% eye drops in newborns with a precocious stage of retinopathy of prematurity (DROP-ROP-0.2%): a multicenter, open-label, single arm, phase II trial.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) still represents one of the leading causes of visual impairment in childhood. Systemic propranolol has proven to be effective in reducing ROP progression in preterm newborns, although safety was not sufficiently guaranteed. On the contrary, topical treatment with propranolol eye micro-drops at a concentration of 0.