Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections: Global Emerging Threats, Predicting the Near Future.

Antibiotic resistance is a public health threat of the utmost importance, especially when it comes to children: according to WHO data, infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria produce 700,000 deaths across all ages, of which around 200,000 are newborns. This surging issue has multipronged roots that are specific to the pediatric age. For instance, the problematic overuse and misuse of antibiotics (for wrong diagnoses and indications, or at wrong dosage) is also fueled by the lack of pediatric-specific data and trials.

Infective Endocarditis in Children in Italy from 2000 to 2015.

Objective: The Italian Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases created a registry on children with infective endocarditis (IE) hospitalized in Italy.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on patients hospitalized due to IE in Italian paediatric wards between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2015.

Results: Over the 15-year study period, 47 IE episodes were observed (19 males; age range, 2-17 years).

Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected paediatric patients.

Importance Of The Field: HIV-infection has become a chronic disease in paediatric patients with the potential for long-term survival and exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for 2 decades longer than HIV-infected adults. On the other hand, the administration of ARV to HIV-infected pregnant women has greatly increased both treatment of HIV infection and prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. Therefore, researches aiming to evaluate the safety of ARV therapies in HIV-infected children as well as in HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers are emerging as a new challenge and urgent priority.

Applicability of quantitative ultrasonography of the radius and tibia in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Objective: To assess applicability of quantitative ultrasonography (QUS) for bone health assessment in HIV-infected youths.

Methods: QUS measurements of the radius and tibia and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of the lumbar spine and whole skeleton were obtained in 88 HIV-infected children and adolescents (aged 4.8-22.

Long-term evaluation of glucose homeostasis in a cohort of HAART-treated HIV-infected children: a longitudinal, observational cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Few and mainly cross-sectional studies of glucose homeostasis are available in HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of the present study was to describe a 4-year course of glucose homeostasis in a cohort of HAART-treated children and adolescents, using glucose and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as outcome measures. In addition, we investigated possible risk factors, both related and unrelated to antiretroviral therapy, associated with insulin resistance.

[Usefulness of the 5-6-yrs-old anthropometric health report for the evaluation of childhood overweight and obesity: pilot study in Lombardia (Italy)].

Objective: To verify the possibility to use the Anthropometric Health Report (AHR), containing the BMI value, for overweight/obesity evaluation in 5-6-years-old children.

Design: Between January 2001 and December 2004, 4619 AHR had been examined. BMI values were compared with age and sex-specific BMI cutoffs, according to Cole, as well as with a single BMI value, calculated as the mean between boys and girls cutoff at 5.