Running away from phonological ambiguity, we stumble upon our words: Laboratory induced slips show differences between highly and lowly defensive people.

Introduction: Freud proposed that slips of the tongue, including apparently simple ones, always have a sense and constitute « a half-success and a half-failure » compromise resulting from defensive mechanisms.

Material And Methods: A total of 55 subjects participated in a French adaptation of the or SLIP-technique including 32 "neutral" and 32 taboo spoonerisms and measures of defensiveness. In accordance with a psychoanalytical and empirically supported distinction, we considered two kinds of defenses: elaborative or primary process and inhibitory or secondary process defenses, which were operationalized with the GeoCat and the Phonological-Nothing (PN) WordList, respectively.

People solve rebuses unwittingly-Both forward and backward: Empirical evidence for the mental effectiveness of the signifier.

Introduction: Freud proposed that names of clinically salient objects or situations, such as for example a beetle () in Mr. E's panic attack, refer through their phonological word form, and not through their meaning, to etiologically important events-here, "" which summarizes the indecisiveness of Mr. E's mother concerning her marriage with Mr.

Eyes Wide Shut: Primary Process Opens Up.

Freud was the first to invite his patients to lie down on a couch, facilitating the closing of the eyes. If the mere fact of closing the eyes favors access to unconscious materials, it should also favor primary process mentation. Primary process is an associative mode of thought based on superficial similarities including phonology, while secondary process mentation in language is primarily concerned with meaning.

A smoking-related background helps moderate smokers to focus: An event-related potential study using a Go-NoGo task.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a major component in addiction. However, research has been inconclusive as to whether this is also the case for smokers. The present study aims at providing electrophysiological clue for altered inhibitory control in smokers and at investigating whether reduced inhibition was more pronounced during exposure to a smoking cue.