Qualitative behavioral assessment of dogs with acute pain.

Free Choice Profiling (FCP) methodology allows observers to qualitatively assess animal behavior using their own vocabulary. This study aims to investigate the ability of 3 different observer groups to recognize pain-related emotions in 20 dogs using FCP methodology, and to compare FCP data with the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale-Short Form (GCPS- SF) scores. The observer groups consisted of 10 dog owners, 10 veterinary students and 10 veterinarians.

Exploring oxygen reserve index for timely detection of deoxygenation in canine patients recovering from anesthesia.

Pulse oximetry (SpO) identifies a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) when it falls below 80 mmHg, while oxygen reserve index (ORi), a dimensionless index ranging from 0 to 1, detects PaO changes between 100 and 200 mmHg. This study investigates the usefulness of ORi in detecting impending deoxygenation before traditional SpO. Fifty-one dogs undergoing anesthesia were mechanically ventilated maintaining a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.

Non-invasive assessment of oxygenation status using the oxygen reserve index in dogs.

Background: The oxygen reserve index (ORi) is a real-time, continuous index measured with multi-wavelength pulse CO-oximetry technology. It estimates mild hyperoxemia in humans, which is defined as a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) level between 100 and 200 mmHg. The objectives of this study were to assess the correlation between ORi and PaO, as well as to determine its ability in detecting mild hyperoxemia in dogs.

Oxygen Reserve Index as a Tool to Monitor Four Techniques of Oxygen Supplementation at Different Flow Rates in Dogs Sedated with Dexmedetomidine and an Opioid.

Respiratory dysfunction often decreases arterial oxygen content. Four common oxygen delivery techniques-flow-by, nasal prongs, a tight-vented mask, and a tight mask connected to a Venturi valve-were evaluated for their effectiveness in increasing the oxygen reserve index (ORi), a dimensionless index of oxygen content that provides additional information compared to traditional pulse oximetry (SpO) during hyperoxia (PaO 100-200 mmHg), and that ranges from 0 to 1. Thirty-two dogs sedated with dexmedetomidine and an opioid were evenly divided into four groups based on the technique for oxygen administration.

Enteritidis Fatal Septicemia with Meningoencephalitis in a Tiger () Cub.

A 15-day-old, female, captive cub was hospitalized after developing severe hyperthermia, depression, and lack of appetite. The clinical condition rapidly worsened, and the tiger cub died in 72 h after the onset of neurological symptoms, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The postmortem main gross findings consisted of a severe and diffuse bilateral fibrino-suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis, mild fibrinous and sero-hemorrhagic polyserositis and cystitis, severe pulmonary edema, and hemorrhages.

Efficacy of Intra-Operative Topical Wound Anaesthesia to Mitigate Piglet Castration Pain-A Large, Multi-Centred Field Trial.

Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal. There is a critical need for effective on-farm methods of pain mitigation. Local anaesthesia using Tri-Solfen (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd.

Oxygen reserve index as a noninvasive indicator of arterial partial pressure of oxygen in anaesthetized donkeys: a preliminary study.

Objective: To evaluate the oxygen reserve index (ORI) as a noninvasive estimate of the PaO during moderate hyperoxaemia [100-200 mmHg (13.3-26.6 kPa)], and to determine ORI values identifying PaO > 100, > 150 (20.

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF IMMOBILIZATION AND CARDIORESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF ETORPHINE-MEDETOMIDINE-AZAPERONE COMBINATION IN PLAINS ZEBRAS (): A PILOT STUDY.

Five free-ranging male (subadults, n = 3; adults, n = 2) plains zebras () were immobilized using a combination of etorphine (0.017 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.017 mg/kg), and azaperone (0.

Computational Models for the Mechanical Investigation of Stomach Tissues and Structure.

Bariatric surgery is performed on obese people aiming at reducing the capacity of the stomach and/or the absorbing capability of the gastrointestinal tract. A more reliable and effective approach to bariatric surgery may integrate different expertise, in the areas of surgery, physiology and biomechanics, availing of a strong cooperation between clinicians and engineers. This work aimed at developing a computational model of the stomach, as a computational tool for the physio-mechanical investigation of stomach functionality and the planning of bariatric procedures.

Effect of three opioid-based analgesic protocols on the perioperative autonomic-mediated cardiovascular response in sheep.

Few reports evaluate the clinical effects of opioids in sheep during experimental surgical procedures. Catecholamine-mediated haemodynamic changes resulting from surgical noxious stimulation are blunted by opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three opioid-based analgesic protocols in avoiding a 20% increase in heart rate (HR) and/or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during experimental intervertebral disk nucleotomy in sheep.

Neuromuscular blockade of atracurium in permissive hypercapnic versus normocapnic swine undergoing laparoscopy.

Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are commonly used in experimental laparoscopy in swine undergoing carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. Hypercapnia may be present and may prolong NMBAs' pharmacologic activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of permissive hypercapnia on the neuromuscular blockade of atracurium in swine.

Alfaxalone anaesthesia in Lemur catta following dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam sedation.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects and quality of sedation, induction, maintenance and recovery in Lemur catta after dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam sedation and alfaxalone anaesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective, observational study.

Animals: Six male L.

Novel stepwise model of intervertebral disc degeneration with intact annulus fibrosus to test regeneration strategies.

Novel preclinical models that do not damage the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc are required to study the efficacy of new regenerative strategies for the nucleus pulposus (NP). The aim of the study was to characterize a preclinical ovine model of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) induced by endplate (EP) damage and repair via the transpedicular approach, with or without partial nucleotomy, while keeping the AF intact. Twelve adult sheep were used.

Endodontic treatment of canine teeth in a cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis).

A case of bilateral superior canine tooth pulp necrosis in an 18-year-old male Macaca fascicularis is described . A skull computed tomography scan was performed to confirm the diagnostic suspicion. A successful bilateral endodontic treatment with coronotomy was performed using rotary nickel-titanium instruments.

Cardiovascular effects and intraoperative pharmacokinetics of tramadol in sheep undergoing spinal surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of two doses of tramadol during isoflurane anaesthesia in sheep and their ability to prevent the cardiovascular response induced by surgical stimulation.

Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study.

Animals: A total of 12 healthy sheep (mean weight, 47.

Urethral lumen occlusion by artificial sphincteric devices: a computational biomechanics approach.

The action induced by artificial sphincteric devices to provide urinary continence is related to the problem of evaluating the interaction between the occlusive cuff and the urethral duct. The intensity and distribution of the force induced within the region of application determine a different occlusion process and potential degradation of the urethral tissue, mostly at the borders of the cuff. This problem is generally considered in the light of clinical and surgical operational experience, while a valid cooperation is established with biomechanical competences by means of experimental and numerical investigation.

A biomechanical approach to the analysis of methods and procedures of bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery includes a variety of procedures that are performed on obese people and aim at decreasing the intake of food and calories. This goal is usually pursued by reducing stomach capacity and/or absorbing capability. Adjustable gastric banding is the most common and successful operation.

Experimental investigation of the structural behavior of equine urethra.

Background And Objective: An integrated experimental and computational investigation was developed aiming to provide a methodology for characterizing the structural response of the urethral duct. The investigation provides information that are suitable for the actual comprehension of lower urinary tract mechanical functionality and the optimal design of prosthetic devices.

Methods: Experimental activity entailed the execution of inflation tests performed on segments of horse penile urethras from both proximal and distal regions.

Mechanics of the urethral duct: tissue constitutive formulation and structural modeling for the investigation of lumen occlusion.

Urinary incontinence, often related to sphincter damage, is found in male patients, leading to a miserable quality of life and to huge costs for the healthcare system. The most effective surgical solution currently considered for men is the artificial urinary sphincter that exerts a pressure field on the urethra, occluding the duct. The evaluation of this device is currently based on clinical and surgical competences.

Aortic stenting in the growing sheep causes aortic endothelial dysfunction but not hypertension: Clinical implications for coarctation repair.

Background: Stent implantation is the treatment of choice for adolescents and adults with aortic coarctation (CoAo). Despite excellent short-term results, 20%-40% of the patients develop arterial hypertension later in life, which was attributed to inappropriate response of the aortic baroreceptors to increased stiffness of the ascending aorta (ASAO), either congenital or induced by CoAo repair. In particular, it has been hypothesized that stent itself may cause or sustain hypertension.

Effects of opioids on proximal renal tubular cells undergoing ATP depletion.

This study investigated the effect of morphine, fentanyl, butorphanol and buprenorphine on viability and caspase-3 activity in renal proximal tubular cells exposed to opioids for 2 h before or 12 h after chemical anoxia. Cell viability decreased regardless the treatment although intracellular ATP content was elevated in morphine and fentanyl pre-treated cells at 12 h. Anoxia increased caspase activity but this effect was significantly reduced in cells treated before or after with morphine, fentanyl and in cell treated with butorphanol for 12 h.

Experimental investigation of the biomechanics of urethral tissues and structures.

What is the central question of this study? Prostheses for treatment of urinary incontinence elicit complications associated with an inadequate mechanical action. This investigation aimed to define a procedure addressed to urethral mechanical characterization. Experimental tests are the basis for constitutive formulation, with a view to numerical modelling for investigation of the interaction between the tissues and a prosthesis.

Clinicopathological findings in non-human primate recipients of porcine renal xenografts: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of proteinuria.

Background: Immunological and histopathological features in pig-to-primate renal xenotransplantation are widely studied. Only limited data have been reported about clinicopathological findings in primate recipients of life-supporting renal xenografts. In human medicine, proteinuria represents a common complication in kidney transplantation and is associated with impaired graft survival.