A Comparison of the Immunometabolic Effect of Antibiotics and Plant Extracts in a Chicken Macrophage-like Cell Line during a Enteritidis Challenge.

Immunometabolic modulation of macrophages can play an important role in the innate immune response of chickens triggered with a multiplicity of insults. In this study, the immunometabolic role of two antibiotics (oxytetracycline and gentamicin) and four plant extracts (thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, garlic oil, and capsicum oleoresin) were investigated on a chicken macrophage-like cell line (HD11) during a Enteritidis infection. To study the effect of these substances, kinome peptide array analysis, Seahorse metabolic assay, and gene expression techniques were employed.

A mixture of organic acids and thymol protects primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells from Clostridium perfringens infection in vitro.

Necrotic enteritis causes economic losses estimated to be up to 6 billion US dollars per year. Clinical and subclinical infections in poultry are also both correlated with decreased growth and feed efficiency. Moreover, in a context of increased antibiotic resistance, feed additives with enhanced antimicrobial properties are a useful and increasingly needed strategy.

Dual Antimicrobial Effect of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids against an Italian Multidrug Resistant Strain.

The fastidious nature of limits an accurate in vitro pre-screening of conventionally used antibiotics and other candidate alternative antimicrobials. This results in a non-judicious use of antibiotics, leading to an exponential increase of the antibiotic resistance issue and a slowdown in the research for new molecules that might stop this serious phenomenon. In this study we tested four antibiotics (tylosin, lincomycin, doxycycline, and tiamulin) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, and dodecanoic acid) against an Italian field strain of and the ATCC 27164 strain as reference.

Antimicrobial Power of Organic Acids and Nature-Identical Compounds against Two spp.: An In Vitro Study.

Vibrosis is one of the major threats in aquaculture farming, and due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance of different species, there is an urgent need to replace conventional treatments with more sustainable solutions. Antimicrobial molecules such as organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in the infection management of terrestrial livestock, but little is known about their usage in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a wide panel of OA and NIC against 2 species characteristic of the Mediterranean area, and , through minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests.

Nature-Identical Compounds and Organic Acids Reduce K88 Growth and Virulence Gene Expression In Vitro.

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is one of the long-standing challenges in pig husbandry. Due to the risks of resistance caused by antibiotics (AB) misuse, conventional treatments against K88 ( K88), the PWD etiological agent, urgently need to be replaced. Organic acids (OA) and nature-identical compounds (NIC) are currently finding a central role in infection management thanks to their recognized antimicrobial activity.

Thymol and Carvacrol Downregulate the Expression of Virulence Genes during an In Vitro Infection on Caco-2 Cells.

is one of the major bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis in humans caused by foodborne pathogens. As pork is one of the main routes of transmission, bioactive compounds used as feed additives may be an important strategy to control . The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and nature identical compounds against ATCC 6994™.

From Acidifiers to Intestinal Health Enhancers: How Organic Acids Can Improve Growth Efficiency of Pigs.

Organic acids have been used successfully in pig production as a cost-effective performance-enhancing option and they continue to be the number one alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The aim of this review is to provide the biological rationale behind organic acids use in pig production, focusing on their different effects along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. Organic acids are reviewed for their antimicrobial properties and for their classic use as acidifiers, with particular attention to pH modulation and microflora control.