Automated quantification of anterior chamber cells using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To validate automated counts of presumed anterior chamber (AC) cells in eyes with histories of uveitis involving the anterior segment using swept-source (SS) anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) against manual counts and compare automated counts against Standardized Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria.

Methods: Eyes were imaged with the ANTERION SS AS-OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering). A fully automated custom algorithm quantified the number of hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in line-scan images.

Retinal fluid quantification using a novel deep learning algorithm in patients treated with faricimab in the TRUCKEE study.

Background: Investigate retinal fluid changes via a novel deep-learning algorithm in real-world patients receiving faricimab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective chart review and optical coherence tomography (OCT) image upload from participating sites was conducted on patients treated with faricimab for nAMD from February 2022 to January 2024. The Notal OCT Analyzer (NOA) algorithm provided intraretinal, subretinal and total retinal fluid for each scan.

Non-exudative OCT findings in neovascular AMD.

In this narrative review we describe the main optical coherence tomography biomarkers appearing in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that do not directly correspond to exudation. We highlight those signs that may mimic exudation and therefore do not require active treatment, such as outer retinal tubulations, pseudocysts, lipid globules, or hyporeflective wedges. Other signs may indicate impending exudation such as hyperreflective foci or shallow irregular retinal pigment epithelium elevation, and therefore should be carefully monitored.

Type 3 Macular Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration: Baseline Predictors of 3-Year Macular Atrophy Development.

Purpose: To identify baseline OCT predictors of the 3-year macular atrophy (MA) development for type 3 (T3) macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated by anti-VEGF therapy.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: We included patients with treatment-naive T3 MNV secondary to nAMD at baseline, treated with anti-VEGF during a 3-year follow-up.

Progression to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA): post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 trial.

Purpose: Determine rates of progression of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) and rates of progression of drusen to iRORA/cRORA in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) treated with avacincaptad pegol (ACP).

Methods: Post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 prospective, randomized, double-masked Phase II/III study that evaluated ACP 2 mg vs. sham.

Choriocapillaris Impairment, Visual Function, and Distance to Fovea in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2 Baseline.

Purpose: In aging and early-intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA) slows more at 5° superior than at 12°. Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), we asked whether choriocapillaris flow deficits are related to distance from the fovea.

Methods: Persons ≥60 years stratified for AMD via the Age-Related Eye Disease Study's nine-step system underwent RMDA testing.

Vitelliform Lesions Associated with Leptochoroid and Pseudodrusen.

Objective: To characterize clinical and prognostic implications of leptovitelliform maculopathy (LVM), a distinctive phenotype of vitelliform lesion characterized by the coexistence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) and leptochoroid.

Design: Retrospective, cohort study.

Subjects: The study compared patients affected by LVM with cohorts displaying a similar phenotypic spectrum.

Peripheral retinal lesions in diabetic retinopathy on ultra-widefield imaging.

Peripheral retinal imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Traditional fundus imaging techniques have limited coverage of the retina, resulting in missed peripheral lesions. The advent of ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging has revolutionized the assessment of the peripheral retina.

Relationship between macular perfusion and lesion distribution in diabetic retinopathy.

Background/objectives: To assess the relationship between macular vessel density metrics and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) characteristics on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and lesion distribution in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Subjects/methods: Patients with DR who underwent both Optos ultrawidefield (UWF) pseudocolor imaging and macular OCTA (Cirrus Angioplex, 6 × 6 mm) were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The distribution of DR lesions was assessed by comparing each of the peripheral ETDRS extended fields (3-7) against their corresponding ETDRS field, hence eyes were defined as either having predominantly peripheral lesions (PPL) or predominantly central lesions (PCL).

Acquired Vitelliform Lesions in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Cross Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study aims to define the characteristics of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD).

Design: Retrospective, observational, cross sectional study.

Subjects: This study included 217 eyes with AVLs associated with iAMD, and an equivalent number of control patients.

Retinal Imaging Findings in Inherited Retinal Diseases.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) represent one of the major causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss in the working-age population. Over the last few decades, advances in retinal imaging have allowed for an improvement in the phenotypic characterization of this group of diseases and have facilitated phenotype-to-genotype correlation studies. As a result, the number of clinical trials targeting IRDs has steadily increased, and commensurate to this, the need for novel reproducible outcome measures and endpoints has grown.

Predictive Factors Influencing the Evolution of Acquired Vitelliform Lesions in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Eyes.

Purpose: In this study, we identify risk factors that predict the progression of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) over time.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: One hundred sixty-three eyes of 132 patients with a diagnosis of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) with AVL.

En Face and Volumetric Comparison of Hypertransmission Defects Evaluated by Cirrus and Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare en face and 3-dimensional (3-D) properties of hypertransmission defects (HTDs) between different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices using OCT volumes and reconstructed en face images.

Settings: Comparative diagnostic evaluation study.

Methods: Thirty eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that underwent dense OCT macular volume scans with both the Spectralis (97 B-scans/volume; 2910 B-scans in total) and Cirrus OCT (128 B-scans/volume; 3840 B-scans in total) from the Amish Eye Study cohort were included in this analysis.

Risk factors for development of hyper-reflective foci overlying drusen in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess baseline characteristics of drusen preceding the development of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume data from eyes with intermediate AMD in a retina clinic population were screened. All drusen that developed overlying IHRF were marked.

Topographic analysis of local OCT biomarkers which predict progression to atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To define optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers that precede the development of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) at that location in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, patients with dry AMD who had evidence of cRORA and OCT data available for 4 years (48 ± 4 months) prior to the first visit with evidence of cRORA were included. The visit 4 years prior to the development of cRORA was defined as the baseline visit, and the region on the OCT B-scans of future cRORA development was termed the case region.

Choriocapillaris and Retinal Vascular Alterations in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease.

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) retina metrics between cognitively healthy subjects with pathological versus normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42/tau ratios.

Methods: Swept-source OCTA scans were collected using the Zeiss PLEX Elite 9000 and analyzed on 23 cognitively healthy (CH) subjects who had previously undergone CSF analysis. Thirteen subjects had a pathological Aβ42/tau (PAT) ratio of <2.

SLIViT: a general AI framework for clinical-feature diagnosis from limited 3D biomedical-imaging data.

We present SLIViT, a deep-learning framework that accurately measures disease-related risk factors in volumetric biomedical imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, and ultrasound videos. To evaluate SLIViT, we applied it to five different datasets of these three different data modalities tackling seven learning tasks (including both classification and regression) and found that it consistently and significantly outperforms domain-specific state-of-the-art models, typically improving performance (ROC AUC or correlation) by 0.1-0.

Impact of slab selection on the relationship between choriocapillaris flow deficits and enlargement rate of geographic atrophy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of changing slab position on the correlation between choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits (FD) in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) and yearly enlargement rate (yER) of GA.

Methods: OCT and OCTA images obtained on Cirrus HD-OCT device were collected from patients with GA. Each patient underwent OCTA scan at baseline and two OCT scans, one at baseline and one after at least 12 months.

Longitudinal evaluation of the distribution of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) are optical coherence tomography (OCT) risk factors for progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study we assess the change in the number and distribution of IHRF over two years.

Methods: The axial distribution of IHRF were quantified in eyes with intermediate AMD (iAMD) at baseline and 24 months, using a series of 5 sequential equidistant en face OCT retinal slabs generated between the outer border of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the inner border of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).