From Clinical Scenarios to the Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a relevant problem in the pediatric population, having a very high prevalence. Diurnal incontinence and nocturnal enuresis are surely the most frequent symptoms, presenting, respectively, in up to 30% of school-age children and up to 10% of children between 6 and 7 years. Stypsis is the most common comorbidity, and it must be considered in the management of LUTS; indeed, the treatment of constipation is curative in most cases for both incontinence and enuresis.

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes vs. hybrid closed loop systems: a case series of patients' behaviour that challenges the algorithm.

Objectives: Hybrid closed loop systems (HCL) improve the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). T1DM adolescent patients represent a risk category also if they are in an automated insulin infusion delivery therapy.

Case Presentation: We describe a series of four cases in which adolescent patients have adopted incorrect behaviours in the managing of HCL systems, challenging the algorithm skills.