[Acute poisoning caused by beta blockers in the adult. Apropos of 7 cases].

Although rare, acute poisoning with beta-blockers can be serious. Including the four personal cases of the authors, 40 cases of propranolol overdose have been published, with 8 deaths. Hypoglycaemia was not reported, but the association with alcohol can be very serious.

Distribution of neutral maltase activity in mononuclear cells from different human lymphoid organs.

Neutral maltase activity has been determined in purified monocytes, T and B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood and major lymphoid organs. In peripheral blood as in all lymphoid organs studied, neutral maltase activity was found to be significantly higher in monocytes than in B lymphocytes. Neutral maltase activity was never detected in T lymphocytes whatever the methods used for their purification.

Diastolic synchronized retroperfusion versus reperfusion: effects on regional left ventricular function and myocardial blood flow during acute coronary occlusion in dogs.

The effects of 170 minutes of diastolic synchronized retroperfusion of the coronary sinus with arterial blood during 180 minutes of coronary artery occlusion on regional myocardial contractility (ultrasonic crystals) and blood flow (microspheres) were investigated in open-chest dogs. These effects were compared with those of 180 minutes of coronary occlusion and those of 170 minutes of anterograde reperfusion after 10 minutes of coronary occlusion in separate groups of dogs. Retroperfusion was able to almost restore transmural blood flow in the moderately ischemic zones and to increase it back to 47% of its preocclusion value in the severely ischemic zones with, in both zones, a favorable redistribution of flow toward the endocardium.

Effects of captopril and enalapril on regional vascular resistance and reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The present study compares the effects of short-term treatments with captopril and enalapril, administered in equipotent antihypertensive doses, on the regional vascular resistances and on the regional vascular responsiveness to vasopressor agents of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Three groups of animals were treated by gavage with captopril (100 mg/kg), enalapril (25 mg/kg), or distilled water for 8 days. Arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), plasma renin concentration (PRC), and plasma converting-enzyme activity (CEA) were measured.

Differential effects of verapamil and diltiazem on regional blood flow and function in the canine normal and ischemic myocardium.

We studied the effects of verapamil and diltiazem on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF, tracer microspheres) and function during ischemia in 18 open-chest dogs. Instrumentation included left ventricular and aortic pressure transducers, an electromagnetic flowmeter, and a hydraulic occluder on the circumflex coronary artery; sonocardiometry measured shortening of severely ischemic, moderately ischemic, and nonischemic subendocardial segments (% delta L). Measurements were made in the control state, 10 min after subtotal coronary stenosis, and 10 min later in control (n = 6, group I), verapamil-treated (0.

Adrenoceptor blocking hemodynamic and coronary effects of YM-09538, a new combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, in anesthetized dogs.

In anesthetized dogs. YM-09538, a new sulfonamide-substituted phenylethylamine, competitively antagonised the phenylephrine-induced vasopressor response with a DR10 of 0.50 mg/kg i.

A single-step centrifugation method for separation of granulocytes and mononuclear cells from blood using discontinuous density gradient of Percoll.

A rapid and reproducible method is described for the simultaneous purification of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, based on the use of a discontinuous gradient of Percoll. Centrifugation at 600 X gav for 20 min resulted in separation of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells into 2 distinct bands at the interfaces. The upper layer contained the mononuclear cells and the lower band highly purified polymorphonuclear cells.

[Effects of isosorbide dinitrate on systemic haemodynamics, regional coronary blood flow and ST-segment. A study on normal and/or ischaemic dog heart (author's transl)].

In dogs, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) reduced venous return, and in spite of mild tachycardia the cardiac output fell by reduction of stroke volume. Depending on modalities of administration, the drug had little or no influence on systemic arterial pressure. Cardiac inotropism remained unchanged.

[Prevention of the development of genetic hypertension by MK 421 in the SHR].

MK 421, 25 mg/kg, administered daily by gavage to young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) from their 4th to 15th weeks of age almost completely inhibited genetic hypertension development. Since heart rate and cardiac index were not drug affected, prevention of genetic hypertension development was solely related to an early, potent and long-lasting limitation of the progressive increase in peripheral resistance which normally develops in SHRs during ageing. MK 421 slightly enhanced vascular responsiveness to exogenous norepinephrine and angiotensin II and reduced myocardial hypertrophy.

[Vascular effects of captopril in the prevention of genetic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat].

Captopril (100 mg/kg, q.d., orally, from the 6th week of age) strongly inhibits genetic hypertension development (GHD) and this effect persists up to 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation.

Pharmacological analysis of beta adrenoceptor blockade-induced coronary blood flow redistribution in dogs using l-penbutolol.

The effects of l- and d-penbutolol on regional myocardial blood flow (assessed by means of tracer microspheres) and on ST-segment elevation in ischemic and nonischemic areas of the canine left ventricle have been investigated under different experimental conditions. l-Penbutolol reduced transmural coronary blood flow and induced its redistribution from the epicardium to the endocardium in both ischemic and nonischemic areas. This favorable effect was abolished under atrial pacing or after bilateral stellectomy or in the presence of phenoxybenzamine.

Theophylline kinetics and ventilatory flow in bronchial asthma and chronic airflow obstruction: influence of erythromycin.

The kinetics and the effects on the ventilatory function peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of a single 600-mg oral dose of theophylline were investigated in 46 adult patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and in 16 adult patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). In the former, theophylline induced an early and potent bronchodilatation (60% rise in PEFR), the kinetics of which correlated with plasma concentration. Theophylline was also effective in patients with CAO, but the magnitude of its bronchodilator effect was less than in those with BA: this was despite plasma concentrations of much the same order.

MK 421 and prevention of genetic hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats.

MK 421, at the dose of 25 mg/kg, administered daily by gavage to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) from their 4th to 15th weeks of age almost completely inhibited development of genetic hypertension. Since heart rate and cardiac and systolic indexes were not affected by the drug, prevention of genetic hypertension development was solely related to an early, potent and long-lasting reduction of the progressive increase of the peripheral resistance which generally develops in SHRs during ageing. MK 421 reduced body growth but did not modify fluid intake, plasma NA+ and urine volume, thus water and salt retention did not develop.

Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and coronary blood flow.

1 The effects of four beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, propranolol, pindolol, practolol and atenolol, used in doses inducing the same degree of beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade, have been investigated on regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) and coronary vascular resistance in the normal and ischaemic myocardium of the anaesthetized dog. 2 In the ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardial areas, transmural blood flow was significantly reduced by propranolol and atenolol which are devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) while it remained unaffected by beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs endowed with ISA, whether cardioselective (practolol) or not (pindolol). In non-ischaemic areas, only propranolol and atenolol increased coronary vascular resistance.

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and atrio-ventricular conduction in dogs. Role of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

1 Atrio-ventricular conduction and its modifications induced by six beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and isoprenaline have been investigated in the anaesthetized dog using the extrastimulus technique and measuring atrial (AERP), nodal (NERP), global (GERP) effective refractory periods as well as global functional refractory period (GFRP). 2 When beta-adrenoceptor blockade was produced by (+/-)-propranolol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade) which is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) but has membrane stabilizing effects (MSE), sotalol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade, no ISA, no MSE) and atenolol (beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade, no ISA, no MSE), all parameters were significantly increased. When beta-adrenoceptor blockade was achieved with pindolol (beta 1 + beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade) and practolol (beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade) which have ISA but no MSE, all parameters remained unchanged, as was also the case with (+)-propranolol, which has MSE but neither ISA nor beta-adrenolytic properties.

Immediate effects of captopril in acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction.

In eight patients with acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction the haemodynamic effects of captopril (25 mg), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, were measured. Haemodynamic modifications were maximal at 60 min and lasted for 2-3 h. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell from 23.

[Comparison of the effects of betablockers and captopril on the development of genetic hypertension in the rat].

The preventative effects of betablockers and captopril on the development of genetic hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats, were studied after long-term daily dosage by forced feeding, from the 5th to the 20th week of age of the animals. Of the drugs studied, captopril, atenolol and propranolol limited the development significantly, but pindolol only had a modest effect and acebutolol was ineffective. No correlation was found between the degree of prevention of genetic hypertension and the intensity of betablockade.

Effects of right stellate ganglion stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow and ischemic injury in dogs.

The effects of right stellate ganglion stimulation (RSGS) on regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and epicardial ST-segment elevation were investigated in the normal and ischemic myocardium of anesthetized dogs. In the non-ischemic areas and despite the augmentation of cardiac work resulting from the increase in heart rate and in myocardial contractile force, RSGS induced no significant changes in RMBF or in the endo/epi ratio. However, after suppression by atenolol of its chronotropic and inotropic effects, RSGS significantly increased the calculated coronary resistance and reduced RMBF, and combined atenolol + phenoxybenzamine treatments abolished these effects.

[Preventive effect of captopril on the development of genetic hypertension in SHR rats (author's transl)].

Captopril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, is very effective in preventing the development of genetic hypertension in SHR rats. This effect results from early, overall lowering of local vascular resistances and, consequently, suppression of the age-related increase in total peripheral resistance. Contrary to that of dihydralazine and atenolol, it persists for up to 12 weeks after the drug is discontinued.