Virological Failure After Switch to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Injectable Therapy: An In-depth Analysis.

Background: Long-acting (LA) injectable therapy with cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV) is currently used as maintenance treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and has a low risk for virological failure (VF). Although the risk is low, the circumstances and impact of VF in the real-world setting merit further evaluation.

Methods: We performed an in-depth clinical, virological, and pharmacokinetic analysis on the reasons behind and the impact of VF during LA CAB/RPV therapy in 5 cases from the Netherlands.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Ceftazidime in Adult Patients on General Wards with Different Degrees of Renal Function: A Prospective Observational Bicenter Cohort Study.

No prospective evidence exists on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment of ceftazidime in adult patients on general wards. We aimed to investigate whether the PK/PD target of ceftazidime (50% T > MIC) is attained in adult patients on general wards with adequate and impaired renal function receiving regular and guideline-recommended reduced doses of ceftazidime. In this observational, prospective, bicenter cohort study, adult patients admitted to a general ward receiving ceftazidime as part of standard care were included.

Positive Impact of [18F]FDG-PET/CT on Mortality in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Explained by Immortal Time Bias.

Background: Several studies have suggested that in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) improves outcome. However, these studies often ignored possible immortal time bias.

Methods: Prospective multicenter cohort study in 2 university and 5 non-university hospitals, including all patients with SAB.

All-Cause and Infection-Related Mortality in Bacteremia, a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: bacteremia (SAB) is a heterogeneous disease with changing epidemiology due to changing demographics and evolving clinical management. SAB is associated with high mortality, but the current fraction of infection-related mortality is less well quantified.

Methods: In a multicenter prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with SAB, we determined clinical features of SAB and determined 90-day mortality and risk factors of all-cause and infection-related mortality.

Prediction Rules for Ruling Out Endocarditis in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is in 10% to 20% of cases complicated by infective endocarditis. Clinical prediction scores may select patients with SAB at highest risk for endocarditis, improving the diagnostic process of endocarditis. We compared the accuracy of the Prediction Of Staphylococcus aureus Infective endocarditiseTime to positivity, Iv drug use, Vascular phenomena, preExisting heart condition (POSITIVE), Predicting Risk of Endocarditis Using a Clinical Tool (PREDICT), and VIRSTA scores for classifying the likelihood of endocarditis in patients with SAB.

Immunodeficiency as a risk factor for non-AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between immunodeficiency, viremia, and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM).

Methods: Patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) as of 1 January 1996 were selected from the AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort. In Cox models, risk factors for NADM were investigated.