Prophylactic oseltamivir during major seasonal influenza H1N1 outbreak might reduce both H1N1 and associated pulmonary aspergillosis in children undergoing haploidentical transplantation.

Following a major seasonal outbreak of H1N1 influenza in 2018 September, prophylactic oseltamivir for six months was initiated in children undergoing haploidentical HCT with regular monitoring for influenza and other respiratory virus infections. Influenza was not detected in 22 children undergoing prophylaxis, compared to 8 H1N1 infections in 21 adults without prophylaxis (P = .01).

Impact of extended infusional mesna prophylaxis on the incidence of BK viruria and hemorrhagic cystitis following post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and CTLA4Ig-based haploidentical transplantation.

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) has been reported with increased frequency following post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) along with a strong association with BK viruria. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of BK viruria and HC in 115 patients (median age 20 years, 2-65) undergoing PTCy-based haploidentical HCT with (n = 71) or without (n = 44) CTLA4Ig. HC prophylaxis consisted of a continuous infusion of mesna 30 min prior and 48 h post-PTCy.

Alterations in NKG2A and NKG2C Subsets of Natural Killer Cells Following Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in CTLA4Ig-based Haploidentical Transplantation Is Associated With Increased Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Background: The impact of newer approaches to haploidentical transplantation on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is largely unknown.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated the incidence of EBV reactivation and its impact on transplantation outcomes in 71 patients undergoing haploidentical transplantation with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide in combination with CTLA4Ig-based T-costimulation blockade.

Results: Eight patients developed EBV reactivation at a median of 96 days with no incidence of lymphoproliferative disorder.

Impact of Preemptive Granulocyte Infusions During Febrile Neutropenia in Patients Colonized with Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Undergoing Haploidentical Transplantation.

We prospectively studied the impact of preemptive granulocyte infusions (pGIs) in 69 patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) undergoing haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) compared with a previous cohort of 33 patients who received only antimicrobials directed toward CRGNB at the onset of neutropenic fever (non-pGI group). All patients developed neutropenic fever at a median of day +8 (range, -4 to +12) after transplantation. Engraftment kinetics were similar for both groups.

Gut Colonization with Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Adversely Impacts the Outcome in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Results of A Prospective Surveillance Study.

Background: Gut colonisation with carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a risk factor for CRE bacteremia and patients with haematological malignancies (HM) are at the highest risk of mortality.

Methods: We conducted a prospective surveillance study of gut colonisation with CRE and its impact on the outcome of 225 consecutive patients of HM over 28 months.

Results: The median age of the cohort was 46 years, the majority with acute leukaemia.