Association mapping for important agronomic traits in wild and cultivated species using cross-species and cross-genera simple sequence repeat markers.

The genus is an agronomically important taxon, with many of its species inhabiting a wide range of environments and offering numerous useful genes for the improvement of the cultivated types. The present study aimed to detect the genomic regions associated with yield-attributing traits by genome-wide association mapping. A diverse panel of 98 wild and cultivated accessions (acc.

Association Mapping for Yield Attributing Traits and Yellow Mosaic Disease Resistance in Mung Bean [ (L.) Wilczek].

Mung bean [ (L.) Wilczek] is an important short-duration grain legume widely known for its nutritional, soil ameliorative, and cropping system intensification properties. This study aims at evaluating genetic diversity among mung bean genotypes and detecting genomic regions associated with various yield attributing traits and yellow mosaic disease (YMD) resistance by association mapping.

Insights into the genetic diversity of an underutilized Indian legume, Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz., using morphological traits and microsatellite markers.

Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz., commonly known as Minni payaru is an underutilized legume species and has a great potential to be utilized as food crop.

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated Vigna accessions.

Vigna is a large, pan-tropic and highly variable group of the legumes family which is known for its > 10 cultivated species having significant commercial value for their nutritious grains and multifarious uses. The wild vignas are considered a reservoir of numerous useful traits which can be deployed for introgression of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, seed quality and enhanced survival capability in extreme environments. Nonetheless, for their effective utilization through introgression breeding information on their genetic diversity, population structure and crossability is imperative.

MLVA typing of and isolates of animal and human origin from India.

Brucellosis is a widely prevalent zoonotic disease of major public health significance. A collection of and field isolates of animal and human origin were subjected to MLVA-15 typing followed by phylogeography studies. The MLVA-15 analysis of ( = 65) field isolates resulted in 48 different profiles.

Misregulation of the Locus in Thymocytes.

Functional antigen receptor genes are assembled by somatic rearrangements that are largely lymphocyte lineage specific. The immunoglobulin heavy chain () gene locus is unique amongst the seven antigen receptor loci in undergoing partial gene rearrangements in the wrong lineage. Here we demonstrate that breakdown of lineage-specificity is associated with inappropriate activation of the Eμ enhancer during T cell development by a different constellation of transcription factors than those used in developing B cells.

The RAG-2 Inhibitory Domain Gates Accessibility of the V(D)J Recombinase to Chromatin.

Accessibility of antigen receptor loci to RAG is correlated with the presence of H3K4me3, which binds to a plant homeodomain (PHD) in the RAG-2 subunit and promotes V(D)J recombination. A point mutation in the PHD, W453A, eliminates binding of H3K4me3 and impairs recombination. The debilitating effect of the W453A mutation is ameliorated by second-site mutations that locate an inhibitory domain in the interval from residues 352 through 405 of RAG-2.

Sequential Enhancer Sequestration Dysregulates Recombination Center Formation at the IgH Locus.

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) genes are assembled by DNA rearrangements that juxtapose a variable (V), a diversity (D), and a joining (J) gene segment. Here, we report that in the absence of intergenic control region 1 (IGCR1), the intronic enhancer (Eμ) associates with the next available CTCF binding site located close to V81X via putative heterotypic interactions involving YY1 and CTCF. The alternate Eμ/V81X loop leads to formation of a distorted recombination center and altered D rearrangements and disrupts chromosome conformation that favors distal V recombination.

Chromatin Interactions in the Control of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Assembly.

Expression of antibody heavy chain occurs via precisely timed developmental activation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene locus during B cell development. IgH locus activation permits coordinated gene rearrangements that assemble variable (VH), diversity (DH), and joining (JH) gene segments into functional genes. Chromosomal conformation changes and epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in ensuring rearrangement fidelity while minimizing hazardous consequences of broken DNA ends generated during recombination.

Functional interaction of the Ras effector RASSF5 with the tyrosine kinase Lck: critical role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle regulation.

RASSF5 is a member of the Ras association domain family, which is known to be involved in cell growth regulation. Expression of RASSF5 is extinguished selectively by epigenetic mechanism(s) in different cancers and cell lines, and reexpression usually suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. To date, the mechanism regulating RASSF5 nuclear transport and its role in cell growth regulation remains unclear.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK-2) mediated phosphorylation regulates nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and cell growth control of Ras-associated tumor suppressor protein, RASSF2.

Ras GTPase controls the normal cell growth through binding with an array of effector molecules, such as Raf and PI3-kinase in a GTP-dependent manner. RASSF2, a member of the Ras association domain family, is known to be involved in the suppression of cell growth and is frequently down-regulated in various tumor tissues by promoter hypermethylation. In the present study, we demonstrate that RASSF2 shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm by a signal-mediated process and its export from the nucleus is sensitive to leptomycin B.

Nuclear transport of Ras-associated tumor suppressor proteins: different transport receptor binding specificities for arginine-rich nuclear targeting signals.

Ras proteins regulate a wide range of biological processes by interacting with a variety of effector proteins. In addition to the known role in tumorigensis, the activated form of Ras exhibits growth-inhibitory effects by unknown mechanisms. Several Ras effector proteins identified as mediators of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest also exhibit properties normally associated with tumor suppressor proteins.

A novel lysine-rich domain and GTP binding motifs regulate the nucleolar retention of human guanine nucleotide binding protein, GNL3L.

A variety of G-proteins and GTPases are known to be involved in nucleolar function. We describe here a new evolutionarily conserved putative human GTPase, guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L). Genes encoding proteins related to GNL3L are present in bacteria and yeast to metazoa and suggests its critical role in development.