Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of colistin on biofilm formation potency, adherence, and invasion to epithelial host cells: an experimental study in an Iranian children's referral hospital.

Here, we described the efficacy of colistin sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on biofilm-forming activity, host epithelial cell adherence, and invasion capacity of strains collected from children admitted to the Children's Medical Center Hospital. Biofilm formation potency of clinical isolates was measured using a 96-well microtiter plate assay. Distribution of biofilm-related genes, including , , , , and , was detected by PCR.

Invasion of HeLa Cells by Species Clinical Isolates Recovered from Pediatric Diarrhea.

is considered a major public health concern, especially for children younger than 5 years of age in developing countries. The pathogenicity of is a complex process that involves the interplay of multiple genes located on a large, unstable virulence plasmid as well as chromosomal pathogenicity islands. Since various factors (including virulence and antibiotic resistance genes) are associated with the severity and duration of shigellosis, in this article, we aim to evaluate whether the invasion of HeLa cells is affected by spp.

Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Second-Line Anti-Mycobacterial Drugs among Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: The emergence of multidrug resistance and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a serious public health crisis. Using rapid and inexpensive molecular methods such as HRM assay in the detection of second-line drugs resistance in M. tuberculosis would be helpful in the treatment and control of XDR tuberculosis cases.

Surface layer protein A from hypervirulent Clostridioides difficile ribotypes induce significant changes in the gene expression of tight junctions and inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells.

Background: Surface layer protein A (SlpA), the primary outermost structure of Clostridioides difficile, plays an essential role in C. difficile pathogenesis, although its interaction with host intestinal cells are yet to be understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SlpA extracted from C.

Characterization of Sequence Types and Mechanisms of Resistance to Tigecycline Among Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Children.

The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to tigecycline and to determine sequence types of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered from children, using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). A total of 74 A. baumannii isolates were recovered from patients at one of the children's hospital in Tehran, Iran.

Prevalence of β-lactamase-encoding genes and molecular typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying carbapenemase OXA-24 in children.

Background: β-Lactam antibiotics have been broadly used for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections, resulting in development of β-lactam inactivating β-lactamases. Here, we described antibiotic resistance rate, prevalence of β-lactamase-encoding genes, and clonal relationships of A. baumannii strains isolated from children referred to Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, during 2019-2020.

Detection of Enterovirus, Herpes Simplex, Varicella Zoster, Epstein-Barr and Cytomegalovirus in cerebrospinal fluid in meningitis patients in Iran.

Background: Despite medical advances, central nervous system (CNS) diseases put a pressure on the health care system. A number of risk factors, especially infectious agents can accelerate the progression of meningitis. As viruses probably account for most cases of meningitis, the diagnosis of them can reduce antibiotic prescriptions.

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the surface layer protein A gene (slpA) among Clostridioides difficile clinical isolates from Tehran, Iran.

Clostridioides difficile is the most common causative agent of healthcare-associated diarrhea. C. difficile strains produce a crystalline surface layer protein (SlpA), encoded by the slpA gene.

Characteristics and diversity of mutations in regulatory genes of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pumps in association with drug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Background: This study was aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and expression of three putative resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux systems and their contribution to multidrug efflux in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 95 A. baumannii isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion for 18 antibiotics and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by the broth microdilution method.

Molecular characterization of pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) and tcdC genetic diversity among tcdABClostridioides difficile clinical isolates in Tehran, Iran.

Clostridioides difficile is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea worldwide. It is proposed that certain C. difficile toxinotypes with distinct pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) variants are associated with disease severity and outcomes.

Involvement of the AcrAB Efflux Pump in Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Clinical Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates.

Background: Increasing prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains confines the therapeutic options used to treat bacterial infections.

Objective: We aimed in this study to investigate the role of AcrAB and qepA efflux pumps and AAC(6')-Ib-cr enzyme in ciprofloxacin resistance and to detect the RAPD-PCR fingerprint of K. pneumoniae isolates.

Characterization of biofilm formation and virulence factors of isolates from paediatric patients in Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: can cause several infections. Its capability to form biofilm has been reported to be a vital property involved in the bacteria's pathogenesis. Various genes contributing to biofilm formation have not yet been completely clarified.

Comparing open conventional carpal tunnel release with mini-incision technique in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: A non-randomized clinical trial.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve entrapment neuropathy which is the result of the compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Currently, there is no consensus about the best treatment option. The purpose of this clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing open CT release with mini-incision CT release.

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: A Case Report.

Background Context: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common cause of hearing impairment and disability. CSOM caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually treated with topical ciprofloxacin and resistance to ciprofloxacin in CSOM isolates has rarely been reported.

Case Presentation: A 24-year-old male patient with CSOM due to p.

High Rates of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Gene Distribution Among spp. Isolated from Pediatric Patients in Tehran, Iran.

Background: continues to be important causes of acute pediatric diarrhea worldwide. produces numerous virulence factors involved in colonization and invasion into epithelial cells which eventually result in the disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of virulence genes and to investigate antibiotic resistance profiles among isolates obtained from pediatric patients in Iran.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Isolates from Children Patients in Iran.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant  (MRSA) causes high rates of mortality and a substantial burden to health systems worldwide. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of MRSA isolated from children referred to Children's Medical Center in Tehran.

Materials And Methods: A total of 98 MRSA isolates were collected from children.

Transcriptional Regulation of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Related Genes by Lipopolysaccharide in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line HeLa.

Objective: Cancer is one of the common diseases in the world, and cervical cancer is the fourth one. In this type of cancer, many risk factors, especially infectious diseases, such as human papilloma virus (HPV) and gram-negative bacteria can have important effects on the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition related genes like Snail, E-cadherin, and ZEB-1, responsible for connecting cell tissues. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Escherichia coli O111:B4 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on HPV positive cell line (HeLa), the expression level of the (Snail, E-cadherin, and ZEB-1), HPV oncogenes (E6, E7) and also microRNA-9, 192.

Clonal dissemination of isolates causing nosocomial infections, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: In the current research, the prevalence of clones and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and toxins were examined among 120 strains from nosocomial infections in tehran, Iran.

Materials And Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was examined, based on disk diffusion and PCR method to identify resistance and toxin-encoding genes. Based on the polymorphisms in SCC, , and MLST, the isolates were typed.

Genotype Distribution of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Wound-Related Infections: a Three-Year Multi-Center Study in Tehran, Iran.

The spread of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-carrying S. aureus strains in patients with wound infections in both the community and hospitals is increasing in some areas of Iran. In the present study, we determined the molecular characteristics and distribution of PVL-producing S.

Capsaicin inhibitory effects on toxin genes expression.

Objective: Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhea caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, mostly through production of cholera toxin (CT) and zonula occludens toxin (Zot) Isolates of have acquired resistance elements during the last decade. One of the most promising ways to treat resistant strains is to use antivirulence agents instead of killing the causative agent with conventional antibiotics. In this study, we examined whether different concentrations of capsaicin - the pungent fraction of red chili- can act as an antivirulence agent and inhibit toxin production.

Molecular analysis of accessory gene regulator functionality and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus derived from pediatric wound infections.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing infections with high morbidity and mortality in both healthcare and community settings. The accessory gene regulator (Agr) is a key genetic element controlling the expression of numerous virulence factors in S. aureus.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Methicillin-resistant Strains Isolated from Intensive Care Unit in Iran.

Objectives: has emerged as a major public health concern. It is a common pathogen in high-risk hospital intensive care units (ICUs). We analyzed the molecular characteristics on the SCC and genes of isolates gathered from ICUs.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mupirocin-Resistant Clinical Isolates in Tehran Hospitals, Iran.

Few studies describe the molecular characterization of mupirocin resistance in strains. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of mupirocin resistance in isolates for 1-year period in Tehran, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, we collected 51 unique mupirocin-resistant strains obtained from 648 isolates.

RAPD PCR Profile, Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence of Gene, and Detection of KPC Enzyme in Isolates.

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from hospitals shows the limitation of recent antibiotics used for bacterial eradication. In this study, 81 isolates were collected from three hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed the highest rates of resistance to cefotaxim (85.

Emergence of fosfomycin resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infectious disease globally. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of fosA3 and fosC2 genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and bla, bla, and bla genes in AmpC β-lactamases-producing isolates of Escherichia coli. In total, 120 isolates of E.