Development and Evaluation of a Mixed Reality Model for Training the Retrosigmoid Approach.

Background: The use of simulation has the potential to accelerate the learning curves and increase the efficiency of surgeons. However, there is currently a scarcity in models dedicated to skull base surgical approaches. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective mixed reality system consisting of an ultrarealistic physical model and augmented reality and evaluate its use in training surgeons on the retrosigmoid approach.

A new device to treat ping-pong skull fractures: The hammer puller technique. A comparative analysis using a realistic simulation model.

Background: This study aims to describe a new surgical technique for the treatment of ping-pong skull fractures and to evaluate its efficacy in a realistic simulation model compared to the dissector elevation technique.

Methods: A total of 64 fractures were obtained using 16 model units, each with four fractures (two frontal and two parietal). The hammer puller technique was applied for left-sided fractures and the dissector technique for right-sided fractures.

Torque Teno virus DNA is found in the intracranial aneurysm wall-Is there a causative role?

Objective: Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a recently discovered virus with high prevalence worldwide, that has been associated with vascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of TTV molecular DNA in the intracranial aneurysm (IA) artery walls.

Method: Samples of IA walls were collected after microsurgical clipping from 35 patients with IA (22 ruptured/13 unruptured cases).

Spina bifida folate fortification in Brazil, update 2022: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Despite improving maternal-child indicators in Brazil, congenital malformations are still the second cause of mortality in the first years of life. This work aims to compare statistical data before and after flour fortification with folic acid (FA) in Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional Brazilian-population-based study compares the spina bifida (SB) rates pre- and post-fortification of the flour with folate.

Three-Dimensional Printing in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Optimizing Surgical Planning and Education with Life-Like Models.

Over recent years, the surgical community has demonstrated a growing interest in imaging advancements that enable more detailed and accurate preoperative diagnoses. Alongside with traditional imaging methods, three-dimensional (3-D) printing emerged as an attractive tool to complement pathology assessment and surgical planning. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, with its wide range of challenging procedures and innovative techniques, represents an ideal territory for testing its precision, efficacy, and clinical impact.

The Potential Applications of Augmented Reality in Fetoscopic Surgery for Antenatal Treatment of Myelomeningocele.

Objective: To develop a preoperative planning method using augmented reality (AR) of a specific surgical procedure: fetoscopy for myelomeningocele repair.

Methods: Imaging data were acquired of a pregnant woman at 27 weeks of gestation whose fetus was diagnosed with myelomeningocele. The patient was identified as a candidate for fetoscopic repair of the spine defect, and an AR application for mobile device simulation was developed.

The historic evolution of intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure concepts: Two centuries of challenges.

Background: There is a consensus on the importance of monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) during neurosurgery, and this monitoring reduces mortality during procedures. Current knowledge of ICP and cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure has been built thanks to more than two centuries of research on brain dynamics.

Methods: Articles and books were selected using the descriptors "ICP," "cerebrospinal fluid pulse," "monitoring," "Monro-Kellie doctrine," and "ICP waveform" in electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, Science Direct, and EMBASE.

Preoperative Planning Modalities for Meningoencephalocele: New Proof of Concept.

Objective: Late surgical correction of meningoencephalocele is a rare scenario that remains challenging for surgeons. Three-dimensional models can mimic the correct anatomical relationships, and technological systems have brought advances to medicine. This study aims to present a novel preoperative planning modality that combines augmented reality with a hybrid model for complex malformation associated with late correction.

Realistic simulator for craniosynostosis endoscopic approach.

Craniosynostosis is a premature fusion of cranial sutures, and it requires surgery to decrease cranial pressure and remodel the affected areas. However, mastering these procedures requires years of supervised training. Several neurosurgical training simulators have been created to shorten the learning curve.

Spinal cord tumor leading to urinary retention resulting from infection in a child.

is an endemic disease in Brazil. It rarely affects the central nervous system, particularly in children. We report the case of a child that presented with an acute spinal cord compression condition, resulting from a mass that proved to be a granuloma caused by a infection.

A hybrid simulation model for pre-operative planning of transsphenoidal encephalocele.

Congenital transsphenoidal encephalocele (CTE) surgical correction is a challenging procedure. Although rare, this anomaly, characterized with neural herniation elements, including the pituitary gland or optic pathway through the sphenoid bone with anatomical alteration, can be presented in many different ways and should be individually analyzed. Significant advances in medical technology and the 3D models may simulate the complex anatomical relations of the human body.

Development and Evaluation of Pediatric Mixed-Reality Model for Neuroendoscopic Surgical Training.

Objective: Neurosurgical training requires several years of supervised procedures and represents a long and challenging process. The development of surgical simulation platforms is essential to reducing the risk of potentially intraoperative severe errors arising from inexperience. To present and perform a phase I validation process of a mixed reality simulation (realistic and virtual simulators combined) for neuroendoscopic surgical training.

Augmented reality and physical hybrid model simulation for preoperative planning of metopic craniosynostosis surgery.

Objective: The main objective of neurosurgery is to establish safe and reliable surgical techniques. Medical technology has advanced during the 21st century, enabling the development of increasingly sophisticated tools for preoperative study that can be used by surgeons before performing surgery on an actual patient. Laser-printed models are a robust tool for improving surgical performance, planning an operative approach, and developing the skills and strategy to deal with uncommon and high-risk intraoperative difficulties.

The Craniosynostosis Puzzle: New Simulation Model for Neurosurgical Training.

Background: Neurosurgical training usually requires long hours for hands-on procedures, making it difficult for inexperienced surgeons to quickly learn in an error-proof environment. The objective of this study was to propose a puzzle-like new model for neurosurgical education that simulates craniosynostosis correction (scaphocephaly type) using Renier's H technique. A model of a 3-dimensional (3D) anatomic simulator for craniosynostosis training is presented and evaluated.

Development and evaluation of a new pediatric mixed-reality model for neurosurgical training.

Objective: Craniosynostosis is a premature cranial suture junction and requires a craniectomy to decrease cranial compression and remodel the affected areas of the skull. However, mastering these neurosurgical procedures requires many years of supervised training. The use of surgical simulation can reduce the risk of intraoperative error.

The Role of Mixed Reality Simulation for Surgical Training in Spine: Phase 1 Validation.

Study Design: This study shows the first phase of validation of a new model for realistic training on spine surgery, conducted from January 2014 to November 2015.

Objective: To propose and validate a new tool for neurosurgical education, associating virtual and realistic simulation (mixed reality), for spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Surgical simulation is a relatively new filed that has a lot to offer to neurosurgical education.

Multimaterial 3D printing preoperative planning for frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele surgery.

Introduction: Surgical correction of frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele, although rare, is still challenging to neurosurgeons and plastic reconstructive surgeons. It is fundamental to establish reliable and safe surgical techniques. The twenty-first century has brought great advances in medical technology, and the 3D models can mimic the correct tridimensional anatomical relation of a tissue organ or body part.

A new simulator model for knee arthroscopy procedures.

Purpose: Arthroscopy is currently the "gold standard" for various surgeries performed on the knee joint. Therefore, surgeons wishing to operate in this professional field should be able to perform this technique. Arthroscopic training, an experimental laboratory, is important for the surgeons' training, enabling them to increase their skills with the specific instruments and to become familiar with the operating techniques.

New anatomical simulator for pediatric neuroendoscopic practice.

Introduction: The practice of neuroendoscopic procedures requires many years of training to obtain the adequate skills to perform these operations safely. In this study, we present a new pediatric neuroendoscopic simulator that facilitates training.

Description Of The Simulator: This realistic simulator was built with a synthetic thermo-retractile and thermo-sensible rubber called Neoderma® which, when combined with different polymers, produces more than 30 different formulae, which present textures, consistencies, and mechanical resistances similar to many human tissues.

Anatomical pediatric model for craniosynostosis surgical training.

Introduction: Several surgical training simulators have been created to improve the learning curve of residents in neurosurgery and plastic surgery. Laboratory training is fundamental for acquiring familiarity with the techniques of surgery and the skill in handling instruments. The aim of this study is to present a novel simulator for training in the technique of craniosynostectomy, specifically for the scaphocephaly type.