Avoidance of Inhaled Pollutants and Irritants in Asthma from a Salutogenic Perspective.

Much is known about the role of aeroallergens in asthma, but little is described about the damage caused by inhaled pollutants and irritants to the respiratory epithelium. In this context, the most frequent pollutants and irritants inhaled in the home environment were identified, describing the possible repercussions that may occur in the respiratory tract of the pediatric population with asthma and highlighting the role of the caregiver in environmental control through a salutogenic perspective. Searches were carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scopus databases for articles considered relevant for the theoretical foundation of this integrative review, in which interactions between exposure to pollutants and inhaled irritants and lung involvement.

Marketing and child feeding.

Objective: To carry out a narrative review on the use of marketing strategies in child nutrition, as well as potential implications for health professionals and children.

Data Source: Searches were carried out on the PubMed, SciELO, and Google platforms, using the terms "child nutrition" or "industrialized baby food" or "infant formula" or "breast milk" or "breastfeeding" and "marketing", with original articles, review articles, institutional reports, institutional position documents and websites considered relevant to the topic being analyzed.

Data Synthesis: Children's food marketing started with the industrialization of food and the resulting actions aimed at increasing sales and meeting commercial interests.

Could children exposed to intimate partner violence against their mother have more functional gastrointestinal disorders?

Objective: To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children's exposure to intimate partner violence.

Determining factors of child linear growth from the viewpoint of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory.

Data Sources: Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators.

Summary Of Findings: According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture.

Reference values for the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle in children.

Background: The multifidus muscle plays a major role in the growth and postural control of children. Therefore, the reference values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar multifidus muscle represent an important tool for assessing muscle development and the early monitoring of musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide percentile scores for the CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle in eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years.

Vomiting and Gastric Motility in Early Brain Damaged Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome.

Objectives: This study investigated the occurrence of vomiting and gastric dysmotility in dysphagic children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and assessed possible associations of these findings with the severity of dysphagia and the presence of tube feeding.

Methods: Forty-six children with CZS were assessed for dysphagia, and the occurrence of vomiting, dietary volume tolerance <15 mL/kg, and feeding time per meal >30 minutes were evaluated. Gastric antrum ultrasonography was used to detect the frequency of contractions and measure antral areas (at fasting and 15 minutes postprandial), from which the gastric emptying rate (GER) was calculated.

Psychological stress in asthma: repercussions on epigenetics-genetics, immune responses, and pulmonary function in the pediatric population.

In the assessment of childhood asthma, identifying the risk factors associated with exacerbations and broadening this view to understand psychological stress and its repercussions on the inflammatory process of asthma allow a different perspective on this biopsychosocial disease. Psychological stress, as a risk factor for the onset and noncontrol of asthma, has been increasingly evaluated from the perspective of the repercussions on the body of the stimulus generated in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and adrenal glands, with cortisol release and immune system action. These processes trigger changes in T helper 2 cells, which polarize allergic processes, and dysfunctions in immune tolerance mechanisms, with a decrease in regulatory T cells.

Acute diarrhea with blood: diagnosis and drug treatment.

Objective: To restate the epidemiological importance of Shigella in acute diarrhea with blood, providing an overview of the treatment and stressing the need for the correct indication of antibiotic therapy.

Sources Of Data: A search was carried out in the Medline and Scopus databases, in addition to the World Health Organization scientific documents and guidelines, identifying review articles and original articles considered relevant to substantiate the narrative review.

Synthesis Of Data: Different pathogens have been associated with acute diarrhea with blood; Shigella was the most frequently identified.

STRONGkids: Predictive Validation in Brazilian Children.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess STRONGkids as a tool for predicting weight loss and length of hospital stay in children and to determine whether the anthropometric diagnosis of nutritional status at the time of admission was associated with weight loss and length of hospital stay.

Methods: A methodological study recruiting 245 children age between 1 and 10 years of age admitted to a tertiary hospital. The participants were weighed daily until discharge.

The balance between the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines discriminates mild and severe acute pneumonia.

Background: To identify markers for earlier diagnosis of severe pneumonia, we assess the correlation between serum cytokine profile of children with different pneumonia severity.

Methods: In 25 hospitalized children, 7 with mild pneumonia and 18 with severe pneumonia, the serum concentration of 11 cytokines in three sampling times were dosed. Statistical analysis included parametric and non-parametric tests, Pearson correlation and ROC curve for cut-off definition of cytokines.

Fecal Microbiota and Diet of Children with Chronic Constipation.

Many factors explain dysbiosis in chronic constipation (CC), such as a low-fiber diet. The objective of this study was to compare the fecal microbiota of constipated and nonconstipated children and their intake frequencies of food. Methods.

[Socioeconomic, cultural and demographic maternal factors associated with dietary patterns of infants].

Objective:: To analyze dietary patterns of infants and its association with maternal socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic variables.

Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups of mothers of children up to 24 months (=202) living in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. The case group consisted of mothers enrolled in a Family Health Unit.

Validation of psychosocial scales for physical activity in university students.

OBJECTIVE Translate the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, adapt it cross-culturally and identify the psychometric properties of the psychosocial scales for physical activity in young university students. METHODS The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire is made up of 39 items divided into constructs based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The analyzed constructs were, as follows: behavior change strategy (15 items), decision-making process (10), self-efficacy (6), support from family (4), and support from friends (4).

[Low birth weight and obesity: causal or casual association?].

Objective:: To present the conceptual foundations that explain how events occurring during intrauterine life may influence body development, emphasizing the interrelation between low birth weight and risk of obesity throughout life.

Data Sources:: Google Scholar, Library Scientific Electronic Online (SciELO), EBSCO, Scopus, and PubMed were the databases. “Catch-up growth”, “life course health”, “disease”, “child”, “development”, “early life”, “perinatal programming”, “epigenetics”, “breastfeeding”, “small baby syndrome”, “phenotype”, “micronutrients”, “maternal nutrition”, “obesity”, and “adolescence” were isolated or associated keywords for locating reviews and epidemiological, intervention and experimental studies published between 1934 and 2014, with complete texts in Portuguese and English.

Influence of preeclampsia and gestational obesity in maternal and newborn levels of vitamin D.

Background: In recent years, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst pregnant women and newborns has been observed throughout several regions of the world, especially in the presence of preeclampsia (PE) or obesity (OB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether nonobese and obese preeclamptic pregnant women and their newborns have low 25(OH)D compared with nonobese and obese nonpreeclamptic pregnant women; and to verify whether the maternal level of this vitamin correlates with the newborns' level.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 179 pregnant women recruited immediately before delivery, divided into four groups: PE(+)/OB(-); PE(+)/OB(+); PE(-)/OB(+); and PE(-)/OB(-), with gestational age ≥ 34 weeks.

Allergy to cow's milk proteins: what contribution does hypersensitivity in skin tests have to this diagnosis?

Food allergy is an immunologically mediated adverse reaction to food protein. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most frequent type and is the one that is most difficult to diagnose. This study had the objective of analyzing the accuracy of hypersensitivity and specific IgE skin tests among children with CMPA and predominantly gastrointestinal clinical manifestations.

Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus casei oral supplementation on necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Probiotics are used for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) because of their positive effects on intestinal motor function, modulation of inflammatory response, and mucosal barrier function.

Objective: The objective was to assess whether the combined use of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve may prevent the occurrence of NEC stage ≥ 2 by the criteria of Bell in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.

Design: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 231 preterm infants weighing from 750 to 1499 g at birth.

[Obese adolescents' perceptions about the repercussions of obesity on their health].

The objective this study was to evaluate the perceptions of obese adolescents about the repercussions of obesity on their health. This study was based on the statements of fifteen obese adolescents, monitored at the Ambulatory Clinic of the 'Hospital das Clínicas' of the Federal University of Pernambuco, using a semi-structured interview, during the period between April and July of 2007. The statements that resulted from the transcriptions of the recordings were submitted to content analysis--transversal thematic modality.

Early weaning and other potential risk factors for overweight among preschool children.

Objective: To investigate whether early weaning constitutes a risk factor for overweight at preschool age and to identify other factors that affect this association.

Methods: This was a case-control study of 366 children aged 2 to 6 years (176 boys and 190 girls) from three cities. The case group comprised overweight children, as defined by body mass index (BMI) for age greater than or equal to the 85(th) percentile.

Eliminating unenhanced CT when evaluating abdominal neoplasms in children.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate a CT protocol that eliminates the unenhanced phase for imaging pediatric abdominal neoplasms.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively performed a case series study of all the abdominal CT scans on children and adolescents found in our archives. Two radiologists separately evaluated each CT scan twice.

Neonatal laryngoscope intubation and the digital method: a randomized controlled trial.

We compared digital intubation (DI) and laryngoscope intubation (LI) in newborns. The success rate was 90.5% for DI and 50% for LI (P = .

Serum prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The association between celiac disease and diabetes mellitus has been known for many decades. This combination can be observed in a large proportion of diabetic patients, who are generally asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.