Anaphylaxis management: knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians.

Objective: To verify the level of knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians about anaphylaxis, identifying sociodemographic and educational characteristics of the professional which contribute to the adequate management of this clinical disorder.

Methods: A survey was carried out on the management of anaphylaxis using a questionnaire prepared and distributed by email to pediatricians in different states in Brazil. The level of knowledge about anaphylaxis was classified as: satisfactory; unsatisfactory; more than satisfactory; ideal, according to evaluation criteria adopted for the statements of clinical cases that addressed the drug of choice, route of administration, positioning of the patient with anaphylaxis and recognition of the clinical case with differential diagnosis.

Avoidance of Inhaled Pollutants and Irritants in Asthma from a Salutogenic Perspective.

Much is known about the role of aeroallergens in asthma, but little is described about the damage caused by inhaled pollutants and irritants to the respiratory epithelium. In this context, the most frequent pollutants and irritants inhaled in the home environment were identified, describing the possible repercussions that may occur in the respiratory tract of the pediatric population with asthma and highlighting the role of the caregiver in environmental control through a salutogenic perspective. Searches were carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scopus databases for articles considered relevant for the theoretical foundation of this integrative review, in which interactions between exposure to pollutants and inhaled irritants and lung involvement.

Gluten-free diet adherence in pediatric celiac patients: Evaluating CDAT questionnaire and test for gluten detection in urine.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the Adapted Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the Rapid Urinary Gluten Detection Test (u-GIP) in assessing gluten-free diet adherence in children and adolescents with celiac disease.

Methods: Fifty-four celiac patients from two pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinics affiliated with university hospitals were evaluated. The original CDAT was adapted for children through a transcultural process, and the original cutoff point was adopted to define adherence.

Marketing and child feeding.

Objective: To carry out a narrative review on the use of marketing strategies in child nutrition, as well as potential implications for health professionals and children.

Data Source: Searches were carried out on the PubMed, SciELO, and Google platforms, using the terms "child nutrition" or "industrialized baby food" or "infant formula" or "breast milk" or "breastfeeding" and "marketing", with original articles, review articles, institutional reports, institutional position documents and websites considered relevant to the topic being analyzed.

Data Synthesis: Children's food marketing started with the industrialization of food and the resulting actions aimed at increasing sales and meeting commercial interests.

Could children exposed to intimate partner violence against their mother have more functional gastrointestinal disorders?

Objective: To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children's exposure to intimate partner violence.

Determining factors of child linear growth from the viewpoint of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory.

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with children's linear growth, according to the different subsystems of the 6Cs model and Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory.

Data Sources: Narrative review, carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases, based on research using the terms Bioecological Theory, child growth, and risk factors, combined with the use of Boolean operators.

Summary Of Findings: According to the 6Cs model, proposed based on Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory, the determining factors of children's linear growth are in six interrelated subsystems - cell, child, clan, community, country/state and culture.

Reference values for the cross-sectional area of the lumbar multifidus muscle in children.

Background: The multifidus muscle plays a major role in the growth and postural control of children. Therefore, the reference values of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar multifidus muscle represent an important tool for assessing muscle development and the early monitoring of musculoskeletal disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide percentile scores for the CSA of the lumbar multifidus muscle in eutrophic children aged 5 to 10 years.

Vomiting and Gastric Motility in Early Brain Damaged Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome.

Objectives: This study investigated the occurrence of vomiting and gastric dysmotility in dysphagic children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and assessed possible associations of these findings with the severity of dysphagia and the presence of tube feeding.

Methods: Forty-six children with CZS were assessed for dysphagia, and the occurrence of vomiting, dietary volume tolerance <15 mL/kg, and feeding time per meal >30 minutes were evaluated. Gastric antrum ultrasonography was used to detect the frequency of contractions and measure antral areas (at fasting and 15 minutes postprandial), from which the gastric emptying rate (GER) was calculated.

Psychological stress in asthma: repercussions on epigenetics-genetics, immune responses, and pulmonary function in the pediatric population.

In the assessment of childhood asthma, identifying the risk factors associated with exacerbations and broadening this view to understand psychological stress and its repercussions on the inflammatory process of asthma allow a different perspective on this biopsychosocial disease. Psychological stress, as a risk factor for the onset and noncontrol of asthma, has been increasingly evaluated from the perspective of the repercussions on the body of the stimulus generated in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and adrenal glands, with cortisol release and immune system action. These processes trigger changes in T helper 2 cells, which polarize allergic processes, and dysfunctions in immune tolerance mechanisms, with a decrease in regulatory T cells.

Acute diarrhea with blood: diagnosis and drug treatment.

Objective: To restate the epidemiological importance of Shigella in acute diarrhea with blood, providing an overview of the treatment and stressing the need for the correct indication of antibiotic therapy.

Sources Of Data: A search was carried out in the Medline and Scopus databases, in addition to the World Health Organization scientific documents and guidelines, identifying review articles and original articles considered relevant to substantiate the narrative review.

Synthesis Of Data: Different pathogens have been associated with acute diarrhea with blood; Shigella was the most frequently identified.

THE ROLE OF THE OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT AND PARENTAL LIFESTYLES IN INFANT FEEDING BEHAVIOR.

Objective: To identify the role of the obesogenic environment and parental lifestyles in infant feeding behavior.

Data Sources: The searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The descriptors used were found in the Medical Subject Headings and in the Descriptors in Health Sciences being these: Comportamento alimentar/Feeding Behavior/ Conducta Alimentaria; Crianças/Child/ Niño; Relações familiares/Family Relations/Relaciones Familiares; e Ecologia/ Ecology/ Ecología.

Environmental enteric dysfunction and growth.

Objective: To describe the current indicators of environmental enteric dysfunction and its association with linear growth deficit and the height-for-age anthropometric indicator.

Data Sources: Narrative review with articles identified in PubMed and Scopus databases using combinations of the following words: environmental, enteric, dysfunction, enteropathy, and growth, as well as the authors' personal records.

Data Synthesis: In the last 15 years, new non-invasive markers have been investigated to characterize environmental enteric dysfunction; however, the best tests to be used have not yet been identified.

Linear growth and bone metabolism in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: To review the pathophysiology and evaluation methods of linear growth and bone mineral density in children and adolescents diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.

Source Of Data: Narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scopus databases through an active search of the terms: inflammatory bowel disease, growth, failure to thrive, bone health, bone mineral density, and children and adolescents, related to the last ten years, searching in the title, abstract, or keyword fields.

Synthesis Of Findings: Inflammatory bowel diseases of childhood onset may present as part of the clinical picture of delayed linear growth in addition to low bone mineral density.

STRONGkids: Predictive Validation in Brazilian Children.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess STRONGkids as a tool for predicting weight loss and length of hospital stay in children and to determine whether the anthropometric diagnosis of nutritional status at the time of admission was associated with weight loss and length of hospital stay.

Methods: A methodological study recruiting 245 children age between 1 and 10 years of age admitted to a tertiary hospital. The participants were weighed daily until discharge.

Do infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate levels of vitamin D?

Objective: To verify whether infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate vitamin D levels.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 120 children aged 2 years or younger, one group with cow's milk protein allergy and a control group. The children were recruited at the pediatric gastroenterology, allergology, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil.

The balance between the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines discriminates mild and severe acute pneumonia.

Background: To identify markers for earlier diagnosis of severe pneumonia, we assess the correlation between serum cytokine profile of children with different pneumonia severity.

Methods: In 25 hospitalized children, 7 with mild pneumonia and 18 with severe pneumonia, the serum concentration of 11 cytokines in three sampling times were dosed. Statistical analysis included parametric and non-parametric tests, Pearson correlation and ROC curve for cut-off definition of cytokines.

Fecal Microbiota and Diet of Children with Chronic Constipation.

Many factors explain dysbiosis in chronic constipation (CC), such as a low-fiber diet. The objective of this study was to compare the fecal microbiota of constipated and nonconstipated children and their intake frequencies of food. Methods.

Infant feeding: beyond the nutritional aspects.

Objective: To draw attention to the importance of interaction between caregiver and child during feeding and the influence of parenting style on dietary habit formation.

Source Of Data: A search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases for articles addressing responsive feeding; the articles considered most relevant by the authors were selected.

Synthesis Of Data: The way children are fed is decisive for the formation of their eating habits, especially the strategies that parents/caregivers use to stimulate feeding.

Acute diarrhea: evidence-based management.

Objectives: To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatric patients with acute diarrheal disease.

Data Source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar.

Data Summary: There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in recent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines.

[Socioeconomic, cultural and demographic maternal factors associated with dietary patterns of infants].

Objective:: To analyze dietary patterns of infants and its association with maternal socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic variables.

Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted with two groups of mothers of children up to 24 months (=202) living in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. The case group consisted of mothers enrolled in a Family Health Unit.

Validation of psychosocial scales for physical activity in university students.

OBJECTIVE Translate the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, adapt it cross-culturally and identify the psychometric properties of the psychosocial scales for physical activity in young university students. METHODS The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire is made up of 39 items divided into constructs based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The analyzed constructs were, as follows: behavior change strategy (15 items), decision-making process (10), self-efficacy (6), support from family (4), and support from friends (4).

[Low birth weight and obesity: causal or casual association?].

Objective:: To present the conceptual foundations that explain how events occurring during intrauterine life may influence body development, emphasizing the interrelation between low birth weight and risk of obesity throughout life.

Data Sources:: Google Scholar, Library Scientific Electronic Online (SciELO), EBSCO, Scopus, and PubMed were the databases. “Catch-up growth”, “life course health”, “disease”, “child”, “development”, “early life”, “perinatal programming”, “epigenetics”, “breastfeeding”, “small baby syndrome”, “phenotype”, “micronutrients”, “maternal nutrition”, “obesity”, and “adolescence” were isolated or associated keywords for locating reviews and epidemiological, intervention and experimental studies published between 1934 and 2014, with complete texts in Portuguese and English.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).

Objective: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a specific questionnaire for the evaluation of celiac children and adolescents, the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).

Methods: The steps suggested by Reichenheim and Moraes (2007) were followed to obtain conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalences. Four pediatric gastroenterologists; a researcher with tool validation background; three English teachers; and 33 celiac patients, aged 8-18 years, and their caregivers participated in the study.