Diagnostic implications of associated defects in patients with typical orofacial clefts.

Objectives: To describe prevalence of associated defects and clinical-genetic characteristics of patients with typical orofacial clefts seen at a reference genetic service.

Methods: Descriptive study conducted between September of 2009 and July of 2014. Two experienced dysmorphologists personally collected and coded clinical data using a validated, standard multicenter protocol.

Perception of discomfort during orthodontic treatment with tongue spurs.

Aim: To evaluate patients' and parents' reactions to the orthodontic treatment of open bite patients with a mandibular lingual arch and spurs (MASP) and to compare any changes in anxiety and discomfort during treatment in different age groups and sexes.

Methods: Seventy-two patients completed a baseline questionnaire to assess their levels of discomfort and reaction to this appliance. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 33 patients up to 14 years of age, and group 2 comprised 39 patients 15 years of age and older.