A randomised crossover trial of nitrate and breakfast on prefrontal cognitive and haemodynamic response functions.

It remains unknown whether dietary nitrate and breakfast may enhance working memory (WM) performance by augmenting physiological mechanisms and subjective psychological well-being. We performed a 3-arm randomised within-subject crossover study, with pretest-posttest comparisons, to test whether nitrate consumption via breakfast with a beetroot juice shot or regular breakfast compared to no breakfast improved WM (measured with n-back tests) and cognitive task-related changes in prefrontal cortical haemodynamic response (oxygenated- and deoxygenated-haemoglobin derived from functional near-infrared spectroscopy). In addition, effects on peripheral vascular function and self-reported psychological factors were assessed.

Building a healthy generation together: parents' experiences and perceived meanings of a family-based program delivered in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in Sweden.

Introduction And Aim: Ethnically diverse neighborhoods encounter pronounced inequalities, including housing segregation and limited access to safe outdoor spaces. Residents of these neighborhoods face challenges related to physical inactivity, including sedentary lifestyles and obesity in adults and children. One approach to tackling health inequalities is through family-based programs tailored specifically to these neighborhoods.

Effects of Universal School-Based Parental Support for Children's Healthy Diet and Physical Activity-the Healthy School Start Plus Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.

Health promotion from an early age is key to preventing unhealthy weight development in childhood, and parental involvement is essential. The school-based Healthy School Start intervention aims to promote healthy dietary and activity habits in the home environment and prevent child obesity through parental support. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the third iteration of the programme on children's dietary and activity behaviours, and body composition through a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Negative associations between step-up height and waist circumference in 8-year-old children and their parents.

Aim: To study cross-sectional relationships between step-up height and waist circumference (WC), a potential proxy for sarcopenic obesity, in Swedish children and parents.

Methods: Participants were recruited from Swedish schools in disadvantaged areas in 2017. Height, body weight, WC and maximal step-up height were measured in 67 eight-year-old children and parents: 58 mothers, with a mean age of 38.

Gendered relations? Associations between Swedish parents, siblings, and adolescents' time spent sedentary and physically active.

Introduction: The family is assumed to be fundamental in youth socialization processes and development, connected to social and cultural practices such as healthy lifestyles and physical activity. However, gender patterns in physical activity among adolescents and the structural drivers of gender inequality (e.g.

Universal healthy school start intervention reduced the body mass index of young children with obesity.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of a universal, school-based family support programme on body mass index (BMI) of children aged 5-7 years, using pooled data from three trials.

Methods: The programme has three to four components and is delivered during the first school year. It aims to promote healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours, and secondarily prevent unhealthy weight gain.

Adolescents' experiences of a school-based health promotion intervention in socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged areas in Sweden: a qualitative process evaluation study.

Background: Adolescence is a transition period in which positive experiences of physical activity have the potential to last into later adulthood. These experiences are influenced by socioeconomic determinants, leading to health inequalities. This study aims to explore adolescents' experiences and participation in a multi-component school-based intervention in schools located in socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged areas in Sweden.

Acute effects of nitrate and breakfast on working memory, cerebral blood flow, arterial stiffness, and psychological factors in adolescents: Study protocol for a randomised crossover trial.

Background: Inorganic nitrate has been shown to acutely improve working memory in adults, potentially by altering cerebral and peripheral vasculature. However, this remains unknown in adolescents. Furthermore, breakfast is important for overall health and psychological well-being.

Parents' experiences of participating in the Healthy School Start Plus programme - a qualitative study.

Background: The rise in overweight and obesity among children is a global problem and effective prevention interventions are urgently required. Parents play an important role in children's lifestyle behaviours and body weight development and therefore there is a great need to investigate how to involve parents effectively in health promotion and prevention programmes. The aim of the study was to describe parents' experiences of barriers and facilitators of participating in the Healthy School Start Plus (HSSP) intervention study.

COVID-19 and unfavorable changes in mental health unrelated to changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and health behaviors among Swedish adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on the daily lives of adolescents. This study examined whether mental health outcomes had changed over the pandemic, and if such changes were related to changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary time, sleep, screen time, and participation in organized sports.

Materials And Methods: In this longitudinal study, data were collected in autumn 2019 with follow-up measurements in spring 2021.

COVID-19 induced changes in physical activity patterns, screen time and sleep among Swedish adolescents - a cohort study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a huge impact on daily life, even in countries such as Sweden where the restrictions were relatively mild. This paper assesses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on physical activity (PA) patterns, screen time, and sleep among Swedish adolescents. The exposures explored include gender, parental education, anthropometrics, and cardiovascular fitness (CVF).

Effects of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on measures of arterial stiffness and cortisol in adolescents.

Aim: In adults, prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to acute negative effects on vascular structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of physical activity (PA) breaks during prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness, cortisol and psychological factors in adolescents.

Methods: Adolescents underwent different short (3-min) breaks starting every 20 min, during 80 min of sitting on three separate days.

Associations between organised sports participation, general health, stress, screen-time and sleep duration in adolescents.

Aim: Physical activity patterns in adolescents have been associated with general health. Stress, screen-time and sleep are other factors associated with physical activity that influence health in adolescents. Physical activity accounts for several health benefits; however, the impact of organised sports participation to achieve the same health benefits are less explored.

Cross-sectional associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between physical activity pattern, sports participation, screen time and mental health in Swedish adolescents.

Design, Setting And Participants: A total of 1139 Swedish adolescents (mean age 13.4) from 34 schools participated in the cross-sectional study 'Physical Activity for Healthy Brain Functions in School Youth' in 2019.

Investigation of the Associations between Diet Quality and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Sample of Swedish Adolescents.

Most adolescents do not consume a high-quality diet, while self-reported mental health problems within this group are increasing. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and health-related quality of life, and to explore the differences in diet quality and health-related quality of life between gender and parental education status. In this cross-sectional study, a detailed web-based recall method was implemented to determine dietary intake, which was analysed using the newly developed Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adolescents 2015 (SHEIA15) and the Riksmaten Adolescents Diet Diversity Score (RADDS), to determine diet quality.

Leisure-time organised physical activity and dietary intake among Swedish adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate associations between participation in leisure-time organised physical activity (LTOPA) and dietary intake in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents participating in the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017. A sample of 2807 participants aged 11-12, 14-15 and 17-18 years were included. Information about LTOPA and dietary intake were collected through questionnaires and two 24-hour recalls on the web (RiksmatenFlex).

Relationships between Physical Activity Parenting Practices and Children's Activity Measured by Accelerometry with Children's Activity Style as a Moderator-A Cross Sectional Study.

The objective was to examine the associations between physical activity parenting practices (PAPP) and children's levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time spent sedentary (SED) during non-school time in weekdays and weekends when children's activity style was taken into account. Study participants were 88 children (mean age 6.3 (SD 0.

Vitamin D status and associations with diet, objectively measured physical activity patterns and background characteristics among adolescents in a representative national cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To report on vitamin D status, measured as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and to explore associations between vitamin D status and background characteristics.

Design: Data were collected in a National Dietary Survey, Riksmaten adolescents 2016-2017. The participants completed dietary assessments and questionnaires on the web and wore accelerometers.

ABBaH teens: Activity Breaks for Brain Health in adolescents: study protocol for a randomized crossover trial.

Background: Physical activity breaks are widely being implemented in school settings as a solution to increase academic performance and reduce sitting time. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms suggested to improve cognitive function from physical activity and the frequency, intensity, and duration of the breaks remain unknown. This study will investigate the effects of frequent, short physical activity breaks during prolonged sitting on task-related prefrontal cerebral blood flow, cognitive performance, and psychological factors.

Breakfast Habits and Associations with Fruit and Vegetable Intake, Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Screen Time among Swedish 13-14-Year-Old Girls and Boys.

This study explored whether breakfast habits were associated with intake of fruits and vegetables, minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), minutes spent sedentary, and screen time among adolescents. Cross-sectional data were collected among 13-14-year-old boys and girls ( = 1139). Breakfast habits and screen time were determined via questionnaire, fruit and vegetable intake were determined through dietary recall, and physical activity and sedentary time were determined via accelerometers.

Associations between Physical Activity Patterns, Screen Time and Cardiovascular Fitness Levels in Swedish Adolescents.

Cardiovascular fitness (CVF) has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. CVF levels are determined by non-modifiable and modifiable factors; one modifiable factor is physical activity (PA). There is a lack of studies investigating the associations between PA patterns and CVF and how gender, parental education, BMI status and country of birth are associated with CVF.

Associations between the School Environment and Physical Activity Pattern during School Time in Swedish Adolescents.

Knowledge about associations between school-based initiatives and physical activity patterns is limited. The purpose of this paper was to examine associations between factors in the school environment, physical activity and sedentary time during school time. The cross-sectional study included 1139 adolescents aged 13-14 from 34 schools.

Self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour amongst adolescents in Sweden vary depending on sex, age and parental education.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour by sex, age and parental education in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents.

Methods: This study is based on data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents, which was conducted by the Swedish Food Agency in 2016-2017. In total, 3477 students from grade five (11-12 years), eight (14-15 years) and eleven (17-18 years) were included.

Children's experiences of participating in a school-based health promotion parental support programme - a qualitative study.

Background: Children's voices are seldom heard in process evaluations concerning health promotion programmes. A Healthy School Start Plus (HSSP) is a parental support programme, conducted in Sweden, with the aim of promoting healthy diet, physical activity and preventing obesity in preschool class children. The 6-month programme includes: (1) Health information to parents; (2) Motivational Interviewing with parents by school nurses; (3) Classroom activities and home assignments for children; (4) A self-test of type-2 diabetes risk for parents.