Modulation of morphine antinociceptive and rewarding effect by mirtazapine in an animal model of osteoarthritic pain.

People with chronic pain mitigate their suffering by the action of opioids. Adverse reactions aside, opioids are not exempt from potential complications like addiction and abuse, which have posed a global public health problem lately. Finding new therapeutic strategies to improve analgesia and to reduce opioid side effects has become a priority.

Real-World Experience of Imipenem-Relebactam Treatment as Salvage Therapy in Difficult-to-Treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections (IMRECOR Study).

Introduction: Difficult-to-treat-resistant (DTR) infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a global public health threat, prioritizing the search and development of new antibiotics for this microorganism.

Methods: We present the real-life experience of the compassionate use of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam in a descriptive study involving 14 patients with DTR-P. aeruginosa infection and limited treatment options.

Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in the High Cardiovascular Risk Setting of Rural Western Honduras.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the population older than 45 years in rural Western Honduras and contribute to the limited literature on MS in Central America.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the District of Copan. The study includes 382 men and women aged 45 to 75 years.

Bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis.

Bronchiectasis is a clinical-radiological condition composed of irreversible bronchial dilation due to inflammation and infection of the airways, which causes respiratory symptoms, usually productive cough and infectious exacerbations. Bronchiectasis can have multiple causes, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, and its clinical presentation is very heterogenous. Its prevalence is unknown, although up to 35-50% of severe COPD and 25% of severe asthma present them, so their underdiagnosis is evident.

Impact of CFTR modulator therapy on body composition as assessed by thoracic computed tomography: A follow-up study.

Objective: Treatment with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) has brought a significant change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) and clinical parameters. However, it also results in weight gain. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of CFTR modulator treatment on body composition, measured by computed tomography (CT).

Effects of a remotely supervised resistance training program on muscle strength and body composition in adults with cystic fibrosis: Randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Among the limited studies on physical exercise interventions in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF), few have specifically addressed the improvement of peripheral muscle strength and body fat-free mass. The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of a remotely supervised, individualized 8-week resistance training program of moderate to high intensity on strength and body composition in these subjects.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial performed in adults with CF.

The Binding of to Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Model Cells Alters the Composition of the Exosomes They Produce Compared to Healthy Control Cells.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes dehydration of the surface of the airways, increasing lung infections, most frequently caused by . Exosomes are nanovesicles released by cells that play an essential role in intercellular communication, although their role during bacterial infections is not well understood. In this article, we analyze the alterations in exosomes produced by healthy bronchial epithelial and cystic fibrosis cell lines caused by the interaction with .

Reliability of blood eosinophil count in steady-state bronchiectasis.

Rationale: The baseline value of eosinophils in peripheral blood (BEC) has been associated with different degrees of severity, prognosis and response to treatment in patients with bronchiectasis. It is not known, however, if this basal value remains constant over time.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess whether the BEC remains stable in the long term in patients with bronchiectasis.

Effect of the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,212-2 on Neuropathic and Visceral Pain Induced by a Non-Diarrheagenic Dose of the Antitumoral Drug 5-Fluorouracil in the Rat.

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug used to treat colorectal cancer, but it causes, among other adverse effects, diarrhea and mucositis, as well as enteric neuropathy, as shown in experimental animals. It might also cause neuropathic pain and alterations in visceral sensitivity, but this has not been studied in either patients or experimental animals. Cannabinoids have antimotility and analgesic effects and may alleviate 5-FU-induced adverse effects.

Radiographic and histopathological study of gastrointestinal dysmotility in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in the rat.

Background: Sepsis is a highly incident condition in which a cascade of proinflammatory cytokines is involved. One of its most frequent consequences is ileus, which can increase mortality. Animal models such as that induced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are useful to deeply evaluate this condition.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring as an Additional Tool in Early Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Monitoring and in Evaluation of Short-Term Sitagliptin Response.

Unlabelled: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a complication associated with a negative prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the widely recommended screening test for CFRD diagnosis, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly considered a useful and easy-to-perform test for diagnosis and follow-up in clinical practice. Regarding CFRD treatment, although insulin is the classic approved pharmacological option, incretins could also be a helpful alternative in early stages.

ABO blood group as a determinant of COVID-19 and Long COVID: An observational, longitudinal, large study.

Background: An association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 remains controversial.

Methods: Following STROBE guidance for observational research, we explored the distribution of ABO blood group in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 and in those with Long COVID. Contingency tables were made and risk factors were explored using crude and adjusted Mantle-Haentzel odds ratios (OR and 95% CI).

Efficacy and Safety of Dry Powder Antibiotics: A Narrative Review.

The use of inhaled antibiotics was initially almost exclusively confined to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, it has been extended in recent decades to patients with non-CF bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who present with chronic bronchial infection by potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Inhaled antibiotics reach high concentrations in the area of infection, which enhances their effect and enables their long-term administration to defeat the most resistant infections, while minimizing possible adverse effects.

High-Dose vs. Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Patients With COVID-19: A Cohort Study in Rural Central America.

To compare the clinical outcomes of a low dose dexamethasone strategy vs. a high-dose dexamethasone strategy in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. A retrospective observational study comparing low-dose (8 mg) and high-dose dexamethasone (24 mg) of COVID-19 patients admitted from September 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020 in a hospital in Honduras.

The U-Shaped Relationship Between Eosinophil Count and Bronchiectasis Severity: The Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroids.

Background: Although a proven relationship exists between the blood eosinophil count (BEC) and the severity of both asthma and COPD, its relationship with bronchiectasis has not been well established. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between BEC and the number and severity of exacerbations, and patients' responses to inhaled corticosteroid (IC) treatment in bronchiectasis RESEARCH QUESTION: Does an association exist among BEC, the number of exacerbations and severity of bronchiectasis, and IC treatment?

Study Design And Methods: This was a multicenter (43 centers) prospective observational study derived from the Spanish Bronchiectasis Registry. Patients with proven bronchiectasis and a known BEC were included, whereas those with asthma or antieosinophilic treatments were excluded.

The role of precision medicine in bronchiectasis: emerging data and clinical implications.

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a very heterogeneous disease. This heterogeneity has several consequences: severity cannot be measured by a single variable, so multidimensional scores have been developed to capture it more broadly. Some groups of patients with similar clinical characteristics or prognoses (clinical phenotypes), and even similar inflammatory profiles (endotypes), have been identified, and these have been shown to require a more specific treatment.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Induced by Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis on Post-Mild COVID-19 Patients.

We describe the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with a palpable purpuric rash and associated four days of lower gastrointestinal bleeding one month after testing positive for COVID-19. Urine studies showed evidence of microscopic hematuria and an increased protein/creatinine ratio. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed distal ileitis, and a skin biopsy was significant for IgA vasculitis.

Longitudinal Study of Therapeutic Adherence in a Cystic Fibrosis Unit: Identifying Potential Factors Associated with Medication Possession Ratio.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic and multisystemic disease that requires a high therapeutic demand for its control. The aim of this study was to assess therapeutic adherence (TA) to different treatments to study possible clinical consequences and clinical factors influencing adherence. This is an ambispective observational study of 57 patients aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of CF.

Peripheral Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Bronchiectasis: A Marker of Disease Severity.

Most patients with bronchiectasis have a predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory profile, although other cells such as lymphocytes (as controllers of bronchial inflammation) and eosinophils also play a significant pathophysiological role. Easy-to-interpret blood biomarkers with a discriminative capacity for severity or prognosis are needed. The objective of this study was to assess whether the peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with different outcomes of severity in bronchiectasis.

Short-term stress significantly decreases morphine analgesia in trigeminal but not in spinal innervated areas in rats.

Plenty information exists regarding the effects of chronic stress, although few data exist on the effects of short-lasting stressors, which would mimic daily challenges. Differences in craniofacial and spinal nociception have been observed, thus those observations obtained in spinally innervated areas cannot be directly applied to the orofacial region. Although, opioids are considered amongst the most effective analgesics, their use is sometimes hampered by the constipation they induce.

Impact of Chronic Bronchial Infection by on Bronchiectasis.

The objective of the study was to analyze the factors associated with chronic bronchial infection (CBI) due to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and assess the clinical impact on severity, exacerbations, hospitalizations, and loss of lung function compared to patients with no isolation of PPMs in a large longitudinal series of patients from the Spanish bronchiectasis registry (RIBRON). Material and methods: A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study was conducted with patients included in the RIBRON registry between January 2015 and October 2020. The inclusion criteria were an age of 18 years or older and an initial diagnosis of bronchiectasis.