Essential Oil Increases the Effect of Digluconate Chlorhexidine on Microcosm Biofilms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil and its association with chlorhexidine on cariogenic microcosm biofilm composition and acidogenicity. Minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentrations from the essential oil and chlorhexidine were determined by broth microdilution assay. Microcosms (polymicrobial) biofilms were produced on glass coverslips, using inoculum from human saliva in McBain culture medium (0.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of thymol as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent: A review of thymol effect on inflammation and wound healing: A review of thymol effect on inflammation and wound healing.

Thymol (THY) exhibits antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Recent studies have also shown that THY presents anti-inflammatory and healing properties. This review focused on in vitro and in vivo investigations related to THY utilization, as an anti-inflammatory and/or wound healing agent.

New Mutations in and Genes Causing Non -Related Hereditary Hemochromatosis.

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an iron metabolism disease clinically characterized by excessive iron deposition in parenchymal organs such as liver, heart, pancreas, and joints. It is caused by mutations in at least five different genes. HFE hemochromatosis is the most common type of hemochromatosis, while non-HFE related hemochromatosis are rare cases.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral mucositis.

Background: Oral mucositis is a significant reaction to antineoplastic treatment characterized with pain, nutritional compromise, impact on the quality of life, interruption in cancer therapy and risk for infection. There is no effective standard protocol for the treatment of oral mucositis. This study aims to synthesize the scientific evidence available about the effects of photodynamic therapy on treatment of oral mucositis.

Rabdomyosarcoma of the Mandible: An Uncommon Clinical Presentation.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. Most patients present with a mass in the head and neck region, urogenital region, or with distal extremity involvement. The authors describe a challenging case of a 6-year-old male patient presenting with mandibular RMS.

Reduced salivary flow rate and high levels of oxidative stress in whole saliva of children with Down syndrome.

Aim: To investigate salivary parameters between children with Down Syndrome (DS) and without DS.

Materials And Methods: Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 18 children with DS and 23 without DS. Salivary flow rate, pH, and salivary buffering capacity were determined.

Cryotherapy for localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: preliminary findings on two cases.

Background: Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) is a distinct subtype of inflammatory gingival hyperplasia that shows lack of response to traditional periodontal treatment, and after surgical excision, recurrence rate of 6-16% has been reported.

Case Report: Two girls (11- and 9-year-old) with multifocal red patches along the maxillary and mandibular labial gingiva showed no regression of the lesions after basic periodontal treatment. Surgical excision of focal lesion in each case was performed, which showed typical features of LJSGH.

Biocompatibility of a restorative resin-modified glass ionomer cement applied in very deep cavities prepared in human teeth.

This study evaluated whether a restorative resin-modified glass ionomer cement, Vitremer (VM), would be biocompatible with pulp tissue when used as a liner in very deep cavities prepared in young human permanent teeth. Two dental cements in current use as liner materials, Vitrebond (VB) and Dycal (DY), were compared to VM. Class V cavities were prepared in 36 sound premolars that were scheduled for extraction, and the cavity floor was lined with the restorative cement (VM) or a liner/base control cement (VB or DY).

Incorporation of chlorhexidine gluconate or diacetate into a glass-ionomer cement: porosity, surface roughness, and anti-biofilm activity.

Purpose: To evaluate the porosity, surface roughness and anti-biofilm activity of a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) after incorporation of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or diacetate.

Methods: For the porosity and surface roughness tests, 10 test specimens were fabricated of the GIC Ketac Molar EasyMix (KM) and divided into the following groups: Control, GIC and 0.5% CHX diacetate; GIC and 1.

The effect of conventional mechanical periodontal treatment on red complex microorganisms and clinical parameters in Down syndrome periodontitis patients: a pilot study.

Periodontal disease (PD) is induced by a complex microbiota, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola (together called the red complex), which triggers intense inflammatory reaction. Down syndrome (DS) individuals demonstrate a high prevalence of PD compared with those who are otherwise chromosomally normal (euploids). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in DS chronic periodontitis patients on clinical and microbiological parameters.

Roughness and morphology of composites: influence of type of material, fluoride solution, and time.

This study evaluated the effect of fluoride solutions on surface roughness and morphology of composites in the short and long term. Specimens were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n=5) according to type of composite (nanofilled, microhybrid, microfilled) and immersion media (artificial saliva, 0.05% sodium fluoride solution, Fluordent Reach, Oral-B, and Fluorgard).

Addition of chlorhexidine gluconate to a glass ionomer cement: a study on mechanical, physical and antibacterial properties.

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on setting time, surface hardness, maximum tensile bond strength and antibacterial activity of a glass ionomer cement (GIC). The material used as control was Ketac Molar Easymix GIC. CHX was incorporated into the GIC during its manipulation at concentrations of 0.

An unusual case of severe primary molar infraocclusion.

Dentoalveolar ankylosis is described as the direct union between root cementum/dentin and alveolar bone. Its etiology is unknown, and conflicting opinions have been presented to explain it. Late detection of ankylosed primary teeth may cause serious problems to the occlusion and generally demands a more complex treatment approach.

Expression of interferon-γ, interferon-α and related genes in individuals with Down syndrome and periodontitis.

Background: Recently, attenuation of anti-inflammatory and increase of pro-inflammatory mediators was demonstrated in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in comparison with euploid patients during periodontal disease (PD), suggesting a shift to a more aggressive inflammation in DS.

Aim: To determine the influence of DS in the modulation of interferons (IFNs) signaling pathway in PD.

Materials And Methods: Clinical periodontal assessment was performed and gingival tissue samples obtained from a total of 51 subjects, including 19 DS individuals with PD, 20 euploid individuals with PD and 12 euploid individuals without PD.

Effect of a calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste as intracanal dressing in human primary teeth with necrotic pulp against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis.

Background: Intracanal medication is important for endodontic treatment success as it eliminates microorganisms that persist after biomechanical preparation. Aim.  To evaluate the effect of two intracanal medications against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals of human primary teeth with necrotic pulp with and without furcal/periapical lesion, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Pulp response after application of two resin modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) in deep cavities of prepared human teeth.

Objectives: This study evaluated the human pulp response to the application of two RMGICs in deep cavities in vivo.

Methods: The cavity floor prepared on the buccal surface of 34 premolars was lined with VBP (VBP), Vitrebond (VB) or Dycal® (DY), and restored with composite resin. Additional teeth were used as an intact control group.

Effects of light-curing time on the cytotoxicity of a restorative composite resin on odontoblast-like cells.

Unlabelled: This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxicity of an experimental restorative composite resin subjected to different light-curing regimens.

Methods: Forty round-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n=10), as follows: in Group 1, no light-curing; in Groups 2, 3 and 4, the composite resin specimens were light-cured for 20, 40 or 60 s, respectively. In Group 5, filter paper discs soaked in 5 µL PBS were used as negative controls.

Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells.

Unlabelled: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is recommended for a number of clinical procedures and it has been pointed out as a potential cavity cleanser to be applied before adhesive restoration of dental cavities.

Objective: As CHX may diffuse through the dentinal tubules to reach a monolayer of odontoblasts that underlies the dentin substrate, this study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of CHX on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23).

Material And Methods: Cells were cultured and exposed to CHX solutions at concentrations of 0.

An uncommon focal epithelial hyperplasia manifestation.

Focal epithelial hyperplasia is a rare, contagious disease associated with infection of the oral mucosa by human papillomavirus types 13 or 32, characterized by multiple soft papules of the same color as the adjacent normal mucosa. It mainly affects the lower lip, buccal mucosa, and tongue. The purpose of this case report was to describe a rare verrucal lesion located in the upper gingiva that was clinically and histologically consistent with focal epithelial hyperplasia.

Regional odontodysplasia in early childhood: a clinical and histological study.

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare disorder of dental development. The affected teeth are clinically hypoplastic and hypocalcified, presenting a ghost-like appearance radiographically. The aim of this work was to report a clinical case of a child with both primary and permanent dentition affected by RO.

Longitudinal clinical and radiographic evaluation of severely intruded permanent incisors in a pediatric population.

Intrusion is defined as the axial dislodgment of the tooth into its socket and is considered one of the most severe types of dental trauma. This longitudinal outcome study was undertaken to evaluate clinically and radiographically severely intruded permanent incisors in a population of children and adolescents. All cases were treated between September 2003 and February 2008 in a dental trauma service.

Conservative management of a dentigerous cyst secondary to primary tooth trauma.

Pulp necrosis is a commonly observed sequela in traumatized primary teeth and is one of the possible etiologic factors for the development of dentigerous teeth. This article reports the case of a dentigerous cyst associated with the germ of a permanent maxillary central incisor that developed secondary to trauma to the predecessor primary incisor. The therapeutic approach included endodontic treatment of the primary tooth and marsupialization of the lesion.

Cytotoxic effects and pulpal response caused by a mineral trioxide aggregate formulation and calcium hydroxide.

Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo pulpal response after pulpotomy with different capping agents. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of both materials were assessed by applying them on culture of pulp cells.

Methods: For the in vivo test, the coronal pulp of 28 teeth of dogs was mechanically removed and the root pulps were capped with the following dental materials: Group 1: Pro-Root MTA (PRMTA); and Group 2 (control): calcium hydroxide saline paste (CH).

Eruption cysts in the neonate.

Disturbances of the dental development may result in anomalies, which may be apparent as soon as the child is born. Eruption cysts are rarely observed in neonates considering that at this stage of the child's life teeth eruption is uncommon. Thus, the aim of this report is to describe a case of eruption cysts in a neonate.