Periodontal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease - An Evaluative Study.

Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cognitive impairment disorder, affecting the routine daily activities. Bidimensional relationship exists between periodontal disease and AD, where periodontal disease could exacerbate the severity of AD and cognitive decline reduces the oral hygiene maintenance, increasing the severity of periodontal disease. Dentists should recognize the relationship between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's for better patient management.

Modeling the Interplay Between Viral and Immune Dynamics in HIV: A Review and Mrgsolve Implementation and Exploration.

Since its initial discovery, HIV has infected more than 70 million individuals globally, leading to the deaths of 35 million. At present, the annual number of deaths has significantly decreased due to 75% of HIV-positive individuals being on antiretroviral therapy. Although there is no cure yet, available treatments extend life expectancy, enhance quality of life, and reduce transmission by maintaining viral load below the detection limit of 50 copies/mL, making the individual's levels undetectable and untransmittable.

Knee osteoarthritis among adults in Al Madam city, Sharjah: unrevealing the prevalence and predisposing factors: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder of the knee, and its progression, influenced by multifactorial predisposing factors such as age, BMI, and physical activity, often results in significant limitations in day-to-day activities and deterioration of quality of life. Although the prevalence and predisposing factors of OA are well-documented globally, this study is distinct in its focus on the semi-urban population of Al Madam City, Sharjah. The unique socio-cultural and occupational characteristics of this community provide an opportunity to identify localized risk factors and their impact on OA prevalence, offering insights that can inform tailored healthcare strategies.

Effect of Food Intake or Coadministration With an Acid-Reducing Agent on Lenacapavir Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Administration.

Lenacapavir is a potent, long-acting HIV-1 capsid inhibitor used in combination with other antiretrovirals to treat HIV-1 infection. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs may be affected by food intake or coadministration of acid-reducing agents (ARA). Two Phase 1 studies were conducted on healthy participants to evaluate the effect of food and the impact of the histamine H-receptor antagonist famotidine in parallel cohorts.

Exposure-Response Analyses of Sacituzumab Govitecan Efficacy and Safety in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Sacituzumab govitecan (SG), a Trop-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate, is approved for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) who received ≥2 prior systemic therapies (≥1 in metastatic setting). Exposure-response (E-R) relationships between SG exposure and efficacy and safety outcomes were characterized in 277 patients with mTNBC using data from the phase I/II IMMU-132-01 and phase III ASCENT (IMMU-132-05) studies. Evaluated endpoints included complete response (CR), objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety endpoints (individual first worst grade of select adverse events (AEs)).

Pharmacokinetics of long-acting lenacapavir in participants with hepatic or renal impairment.

Lenacapavir is a novel, first-in-class, multistage inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid function approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretrovirals for heavily treatment-experienced people with HIV. Two Phase 1, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose studies assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK) of lenacapavir in participants with moderate hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) Class B: score 7-9] or severe renal impairment [15 ≤ creatinine clearance (CLcr) ≤29 mL/min] to inform lenacapavir dosing in HIV-1-infected individuals with organ impairment. In both studies, a single oral dose of 300 mg lenacapavir was administered to participants with normal ( = 10) or impaired ( = 10) hepatic/renal function who were matched for age (±10 years), sex, and body mass index (±20%).

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among United Arab Emirates schoolteachers: an examination of physical activity.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their association with physical activity among schoolteachers in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved 209 schoolteachers (aged 20-60) with a minimum of two years of experience. Data, including demographics (gender, age), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) for WMSD prevalence and pain sites, and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for physical activity levels, were collected.

A study of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy and confirm the dose of once-daily bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF; B/F/TAF) during pregnancy.

Design: An open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 1b study (NCT03960645) was conducted in 33 virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV-1.

Methods: Participants received B/F/TAF (50/200/25 mg) from the second or third trimester through ∼16 weeks postpartum.

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of inhaled remdesivir in healthy participants.

Intravenous remdesivir (RDV) is US Food and Drug Administration-approved for hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals with coronavirus disease 2019. RDV undergoes intracellular metabolic activation to form the active triphosphate, GS-443902, and other metabolites. Alternative administration routes, including localized pulmonary delivery, can lower systemic exposure and maximize exposure at the site of action.

Implication of photic sneeze reflex in ophthalmology.

Background: Photic sneeze reflex (PSR) also known as autosomal dominant compelling helioophthalmic outburst is a rare condition characterized by uncontrolled sneezing in response to bright light. The exact mechanism causing this is poorly understood. However, various hypotheses have been proposed.

Optimizing outcomes and managing adverse events in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer: a clinical pharmacology perspective.

Introduction: Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common type of cancer with epithelial/urothelial and non-urothelial origins. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) involves neoplastic cells of epithelial origin and accounts for 90% of all BC cases. Current review aims to discuss the latest advances and challenges in the treatment of UC with an emphasis on clinical pharmacology considerations.

A comprehensive survey on the beliefs, perceptions, and clinical manifestations of pre and post Covid-19 vaccinations among physiotherapy students in the United Arab Emirates.

The World Health Organization has defined Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) as an infectious pandemic, caused by a newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus. Students relied heavily on the internet, social media, parents, and friends, in addition to medical advice for information on its presentation, complications, prevention, and management. It is evident from the literature that healthcare professionals including students who play an important role in the healthcare system may be lacking important information on COVID-19 vaccinations.

β-Sitosterol, a phytocompound from reveals anti-diabetic properties through α-Amylase inhibition: an i and analysis.

The study aims to identify and validate a potential α-Amylase inhibitor from the leaf extract of the Parthenium hysterophorus. Molecular docking and dynamics analyses were performed to test the anti-diabetic efficacy of the compound by focusing on α-Amylase inhibition. The molecular docking study using AutoDock Vina (PyRx) and SeeSAR tools identified β-Sitosterol as an effective α-Amylase inhibitory compound.

Effect of Teleyoga Before COVID-19 and During Pandemic: A Narrative Review.

Background: Yoga plays a beneficial adjunctive role in various disorders due to its physiological and psychological benefits. COVID-19 pandemic led to a paradigm shift in delivery of health interventions from on-site to online/ tele-intervention mode. Focus shifted to tele-yoga as a reasonable and feasible alternative to in-person yoga.

Exercise modulates the immune system in cardiorespiratory disease patients: Implications for clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Patients with cardiorespiratory problems often suffer from systemic inflammation. Stress due to the disease and continuous inflammation can undermine the success of the rehabilitation program.

Objective: This review has been undertaken primarily to understand the effectiveness of exercise training on the immune system in individuals undergoing cardiorespiratory rehabilitation and its implications for further management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Integrating real-world data to accelerate and guide drug development: A clinical pharmacology perspective.

Pharmaceutical products in the current accelerated drug development landscape can benefit from tools beyond data generated from randomized control trials. We have seen an abundance of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence, driven by the digitalization of healthcare systems and an increased awareness that has inspired a heightened interest in their potential use. Literature review suggest leveraging RWD as a promising tool to answer key questions in the areas of clinical pharmacology and translational science.

Evolution of preclinical characterization and insights into clinical pharmacology of checkpoint inhibitors approved for cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly advanced the treatment paradigm in oncology, with approvals of immuno-oncology agents for over 16 indications, many of them first line. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are recognized as an essential backbone for a successful anticancer therapy regimen. This review focuses on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory approvals of major CPIs and the evolution of translational advances since their first approval close to a decade ago.

Real-world data prognostic model of overall survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors as second-line monotherapy.

Background And Aim: The objective of this retrospective, observational, noninterventional cohort study was to investigate prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) and to develop a novel prognostic model.

Methods: A total of 4049 patients with aNSCLC diagnosed between January 2011 and February 2020 who received atezolizumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab as second-line monotherapy were selected from a real-world deidentified database to build the cohort. Patients could not have received first-line treatment with clinical study drug(s) nor immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 therapies.

Bioactive Compounds in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Diseases: Targeting the NRF2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Regulation.

Oxidative stress is a pathological condition occurring due to an imbalance between the oxidants and antioxidant defense systems in the body. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), encoded by the gene , is the master regulator of phase II antioxidant enzymes that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. NRF2/ARE signaling has been considered as a promising target against oxidative stress-mediated diseases like diabetes, fibrosis, neurotoxicity, and cancer.

Central Pancreatectomy: Significance of Vascularity on Anastomotic Integrity and a Note on Reconstructive Technique.

Central pancreatectomy is a pancreatic parenchymal sparing surgery usually indicated for benign and borderline malignant tumors of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas. Due to the presence of extensive intra-pancreatic spread, pancreatic parenchyma sparing procedures such as central pancreatectomy are invariably deferred in pancreatic malignancy. The need for management of two pancreatic stumps with a usually soft texture and non-dilated ducts, given the indications, increases the risk of pancreatic fistula and therefore morbidity.

Comparison of the Efficacy of K-File, Canal Brush Technique, and Sonic Irrigation Technique in the Retrievability of Calcium Hydroxide and Metapex Intracanal Medicaments from Root Canals: An Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis.

Background And Objectives: At present, none of the routinely used irrigating agents and activation techniques were able to completely remove the Ca(OH) intracanal medicament placed inside the root canal system during endodontic therapy. With this as the background, the aim of this study was to achieve complete removal of Ca(OH) when mixed with two different vehicles, using various irrigant activation techniques such as K-file, canal brush technique, and sonic irrigation technique, from the root canals of extracted human teeth.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-two mandibular premolar teeth with straight single root canal were selected and filled either with oil-based Metapex or calcium hydroxide powder mixed with distilled water and were activated using different activation techniques such as K-file, canal brush, and sonic MM1500 and NaOCl alone.