In vitro assessment of Ethanolic extracts from specific herbs on controlling aquatic leech (Tyrannobdella rex) and land leech (Philobdella sp.) infestation in Mithun (Bos frontalis).

Leech infestation poses a significant threat to Mithun (Bos frontalis) in the north-eastern region of India, leading to various health issues and potential fatality. To address this pressing concern, we conducted a comprehensive research study aimed at assessing the efficacy of herbal plant extracts against aquatic leeches, particularly Tyrannobdella rex, and land leeches of the Philobdella sp. Our investigation involved the evaluation of six distinct plant extracts, with a focus on their ability to combat leech infestation.

Urinary metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers for early detection of pregnancy in Mithun (Bos frontalis) cows.

The present study investigated the urinary metabolic profiles of early pregnant and non-pregnant Mithun to identify potential pregnancy detection biomarkers. Urine samples were collected on days 0, 10, 18, 35 and 45 of gestation from pregnant (n = 6) and on days 0, 10 and 18 from non-pregnant (n = 6) Mithun. Urinary metabolites were assessed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy and identified 270 metabolites.

Genetic parameters of body weight traits in Mithun (Bos frontalis) using animal model.

Mithun (Bos frontalis), a domestically raised herbivore, holds significant economic importance for the farming community of Northeast India. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic parameters governing Mithun body weight traits across different ages using data from the sole organized semi-intensive Mithun farm in India. Information was gathered from 110 Mithuns born over a period spanning from 2011 to 2022.

Milk supply chain as a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant species.

Milk is a source of essential nutrients, but food safety across the milk supply chain has emerged as an integral part of food trade. Of the several food safety hazards, antimicrobial-resistant species have emerged as one of the major microbial hazards with significant public health concerns. The present crosssectional study was undertaken with the objective to isolate species from the milk supply chain, characterize isolates for antimicrobial resistance, and trace the origin of isolates using molecular techniques.

First evidence of lumpy skin disease in mithun (Bos frontalis) in India.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle that is also known to cause mild infection in buffaloes. To date, there have been no reports of LSD in mithun (Bos frontalis), a bovine species distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and parts of China. In the present study, the presence of typical clinical signs, virus isolation, PCR amplification, sequence analysis, and the demonstration of antibodies in serum by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test, confirmed the occurrence of LSD in mithun for the first time in India.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Mithun (Bos frontalis): What progress has been made so far? An overview.

Mithun, a unique bovine species, endemic to parts of North East India and plays an important role in the socioeconomic, cultural and religious fabrics of the local tribal population. To date, Mithuns are reared in a traditional free-range system by communities and increased deforestation, agricultural commercialization, disease outbreaks and indiscriminate slaughtering of elite Mithun for table purposes have significantly decreased its habitat and the elite Mithun population. Greater genetic gain is achieved with the implementation and effective use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs); however, presently it is limited to organized Mithun farms.

Genetic diversity and risk factor analysis of drug-resistant Escherichia coli recovered from broiler chicken farms.

A total of 38 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 120 samples collected from various sources of broiler chicken farms (n = 10 each) in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Though the recovered E. coli isolates were found variably resistant to the tested antibiotics, all the tested isolates were susceptible to meropenem.

Non-diarrhoeic pigs as source of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella.

Food-producing animals act as reservoirs of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars with potential food safety and public health implications. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in non-diarrhoeic pigs and characterizing the isolates using molecular tools. Salmonella isolates (n = 22) recovered from faecal samples of 194 randomly selected pigs were characterized for virulence and antimicrobial resistance and subtyped using XbaI-PFGE.

Identification of sheep () meat by alkaline lysis-loop mediated isothermal amplification technique targeting mitochondrial D-loop region.

Identification of meat species origin using reliable techniques is a critical requirement for ensuring label compliance, protection of consumer preference and prevention of fraudulence in the meat trade. Although a plethora of protein and DNA based meat species identification techniques are in vogue, need for rapid test suitable for under-resourced laboratories catering point-of-care (PoC) services was construed. Present study deals with development of rapid sheep () meat identification technique using DNA extraction by alkaline lysis (AL) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique.

Investigation on Temperature Dependent Inductance (TDI) of a planar Multi-Layer Inductor (MLI) down to 4.2 K.

This paper presents an investigation of the temperature dependence characteristics specific to cryogenic planar Multi-Layer Inductors (MLIs). This paper establishes that the inductance of a planar MLI at a specific frequency varies with temperature when the sensor is cooled down to 4.2 K while providing a detailed analysis of various possible factors that might contribute to the variation in the sensor performance, such as the thermal deformation and the variation in the properties of sensor materials, using a combination of experiments and simulations.

Breed traceability of buffalo meat using microsatellite genotyping technique.

Although buffalo has emerged as a major meat producing animal in Asia, major research on breed traceability has so far been focused on cattle (beef). This research gap on buffalo breed traceability has impelled development and validation of buffalo breed traceability using a set of eight microsatellite (STR) markers in seven Indian buffalo breeds (Bhadawari, Jaffaarabadi, Murrah, Mehsana, Nagpuri, Pandharpuri and Surti). Probability of sharing same profile by two individuals at a specific locus was computed considering different STR numbers, allele pooling in breed and population.

A rapid method for authentication of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat by Alkaline Lysis method of DNA extraction and species specific polymerase chain reaction.

Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat is a major item of export from India but export of beef i.e. meat from cattle (Bos indicus) is prohibited.

Carcass characteristics, composition, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory quality of emu meat.

1. In order to investigate whether emu meat is a potential red meat alternative, this work was carried out with the objective of studying the carcass characteristics, proximate composition, physico-chemical and microbial characteristics and sensory attributes of emu meat. 2.

Effect of dipping in pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit juice phenolic solution on the shelf life of chicken meat under refrigerated storage (4°C).

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dipping in pomegranate fruit juice phenolics (PFJP) solution on the shelf life of chicken meat held under refrigerated storage at 4°C. Breast muscle obtained from spent hens was dipped (1:2w/v; muscle: liquid) in sterile water or in sterile water with 0.02% (v/v) PFJP, packed, stored at 4°C for 28 days and samples were analyzed on 2 days of intervals.

Identification of chicken, duck, pigeon and pig meat by species-specific markers of mitochondrial origin.

In the present study, PCR based method for meat species identification of chicken, duck, pigeon and pig was achieved by developing species-specific markers. Using mitochondrial sequences species-specific primers were designed and the sizes of them were 256bp, 292bp, 401bp and 835bp for chicken, duck, pigeon and pig, respectively. The species-specific PCR products were sequenced to confirm the specificity of the product amplified.

Biochemical and physicochemical changes in spent hen breast meat during postmortem aging.

An experiment was conducted to study the biochemical and physicochemical changes with respect to improvement in tenderness of spent hen breast meat. Breast muscle obtained from freshly slaughtered spent hens (72 wk old) was divided into 5 equal lots and dipped in 1 mM NaN(3) before being packed in low-density poly-ethylene pouches under aerobic conditions and stored at refrigeration temperature (4 degrees C). Lots were removed on 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of storage and analyzed for pH, TBA reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl content, protein-bound sulfhydryl content, nonprotein-bound sulfhydryl content, perimysial fraction, collagen content, free OH-proline, N, nonprotein N, and proteolysis rate.

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene: a simple method for identification of poultry meat species.

Chicken (Gallus gallus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and quail (Coturnix japonica) are the common poultry species consumed as meat throughout the world. In this work, a molecular technique has been developed for identification and differentiation of meat originating from these species. This tool helps in detection of misrepresentation of different poultry meats.

Meat species identification by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.

Adulteration of high quality meat and meat products with their inferior/cheaper counterparts is a problem in the meat industry. The present study investigated the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identification of the origin of meats. PCR-RFLP was applied for species identification of beef, buffalo meat, mutton and chevon.

Sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene can identify meat species.

In this study, sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA has been applied for meat species identification. The procedure involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial (mt) 12S rRNA gene and sequencing of amplicons. Amplified product of mt 12S rRNA gene was 456 bp in size.