Risk benefit analysis to evaluate risk of thromboembolic events after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19.

We compared the risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccines using a causal pathway analysis to weigh up possible risk factors of thromboembolic events post-vaccination. The self-controlled case series (SCCS) method examined the association between thromboembolic events and vaccination while a case-control study assessed the association between thromboembolic events and COVID-19, addressing under-reported infection data issues. The net vaccine effect was estimated using results from SCCS and case-control studies.

Static Respiratory System Compliance as a Predictor of Extubation Failure in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure.

Purpose: Ventilator weaning protocols rely in part on objective indices to best predict extubation failure in the critically ill. We investigated static respiratory system compliance (RC) as a predictor of extubation failure, in comparison to extubation readiness using rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI).

Material And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multi-institutional study of mechanically ventilated patients admitted between 12/01/2017 and 12/01/2019.

Impact of a structured reporting template on the quality of HRCT radiology reports for interstitial lung disease.

Purpose: This QI study compared the completeness of HRCT radiology reports before and after the implementation of a disease-specific structured reporting template for suspected cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Materials And Methods: A pre-post study of radiology reports for HRCT of the thorax at a multicenter health system was performed. Data was collected in 6-month period intervals before (June 2019-November 2019) and after (January 2021-June 2021) the implementation of a disease-specific template.

SARS-COV-ATE risk assessment model for arterial thromboembolism in COVID-19.

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications conferring an extremely poor prognosis. COVID-19 infection is known to be an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). We developed a risk assessment model (RAM) to stratify hospitalized COVID-19 patients for arterial thromboembolism (ATE).

Factors influencing the total procedure time of CT-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsies of lung nodules: a retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the factors that influence total procedure time when performing computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core-needle lung biopsies. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 673 patients, who underwent a CT-guided percutaneous coreneedle biopsy at a tertiary care center from March 2014 to August 2016. Data on patient, nodule, and procedural factors and outcomes were collected retrospectively.

3D-PAST: Risk Assessment Model for Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19.

Hypercoagulability is a recognized feature in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There exists a need for a dedicated risk assessment model (RAM) that can risk-stratify hospitalized COVID-19 patients for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and guide anticoagulation. We aimed to build a simple clinical model to predict VTE in COVID-19 patients.

Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients and prediction model: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Patients with COVID-19 infection are commonly reported to have an increased risk of venous thrombosis. The choice of anti-thrombotic agents and doses are currently being studied in randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies. There exists a need for individualized risk stratification of venous thromboembolism (VTE) to assist clinicians in decision-making on anticoagulation.

Evidence showing lipotoxicity worsens outcomes in covid-19 patients and insights about the underlying mechanisms.

We compared three hospitalized patient cohorts and conducted mechanistic studies to determine if lipotoxicity worsens COVID-19. Cohort-1 (n = 30) compared COVID-19 patients dismissed home to those requiring intensive-care unit (ICU) transfer. Cohort-2 (n = 116) compared critically ill ICU patients with and without COVID-19.

Performance of Automated Telemetry in Diagnosing QT Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: QT prolongation increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and is common among critically ill patients. The gold standard for QT measurement is electrocardiography. Automated measurement of corrected QT (QTc) by cardiac telemetry has been developed, but this method has not been compared with electrocardiography in critically ill patients.

Risk Factors for Pneumothorax Development Following CT-Guided Core Lung Nodule Biopsy.

Background: This study aims to correlate nodule, patient, and technical risk factors less commonly investigated in the literature with pneumothorax development during computed tomography-guided core needle lung nodule biopsy.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective data on 671 computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle lung biopsies from 671 patients at a tertiary care center between March 2014 and August 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify pneumothorax risk factors.

Dynamic lung compliance imaging from 4DCT-derived volume change estimation.

. Lung compliance (LC) is the ability of the lung to expand with changes in pressure and is one of the earliest physiological measurements to be altered in patients with parenchymal lung disease. Therefore, compliance monitoring could potentially identify patients at risk for disease progression.

Initial antimicrobial management of sepsis.

Sepsis is a common consequence of infection, associated with a mortality rate > 25%. Although community-acquired sepsis is more common, hospital-acquired infection is more lethal. The most common site of infection is the lung, followed by abdominal infection, catheter-associated blood steam infection and urinary tract infection.

Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary surfactant homeostasis disorder resulting in buildup of lipo-proteinaceous material within the alveoli. PAP is classified as primary (autoimmune and hereditary), secondary, congenital and unclassifiable type based on the underlying pathogenesis. PAP has an insidious onset and can, in some cases, progress to severe respiratory failure.

Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

Background: Thrombosis and inflammation may contribute to the risk of death and complications among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We hypothesized that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation may improve outcomes in noncritically ill patients who are hospitalized with Covid-19.

Methods: In this open-label, adaptive, multiplatform, controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and who were not critically ill (which was defined as an absence of critical care-level organ support at enrollment) to receive pragmatically defined regimens of either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin or usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.

Extubation Failure in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Risk Factors and Impact on In-Hospital Mortality.

Purpose: We sought to identify clinical factors that predict extubation failure (reintubation) and its prognostic implications in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, multi-center cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Multivariate competing risk models were employed to explore the rate of reintubation and its determining factors.

A prospective study to validate pulmonary blood mass changes on non-contrast 4DCT in pulmonary embolism patients.

Purpose: Limited diagnostic options exist for patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) who cannot undergo CT-angiogram (CTA). CT-ventilation methods recover respiratory motion-induced lung volume changes as a surrogate for ventilation. We recently demonstrated that pulmonary blood mass change, induced by tidal respiratory motion, is a potential surrogate for pulmonary perfusion.

Machine learning methods to predict mechanical ventilation and mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the globe. It is associated with a high mortality rate and has created a global crisis by straining medical resources worldwide.

Objectives: To develop and validate machine-learning models for prediction of mechanical ventilation (MV) for patients presenting to emergency room and for prediction of in-hospital mortality once a patient is admitted.

An assessment of the correlation between robust CT-derived ventilation and pulmonary function test in a cohort with no respiratory symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate CT-ventilation imaging (CTVI) within a well-characterized, healthy cohort with no respiratory symptoms and examine the correlation between CTVI and concurrent pulmonary function test (PFT).

Methods: CT scans and PFTs from 77 Caucasian participants in the NORM dataset (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00848406) were analyzed.

Association of anticoagulation dose and survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective propensity score-weighted analysis.

Background: Hypercoagulability may contribute to COVID-19 pathogenicity. The role of anticoagulation (AC) at therapeutic (tAC) or prophylactic doses (pAC) is unclear.

Objectives: We evaluated the impact on survival of different AC doses in COVID-19 patients.

Therapeutic Anticoagulation Delays Death in COVID-19 Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort.

A hypercoagulable state has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Others have reported a survival advantage with prophylactic anticoagulation (pAC) and therapeutic anticoagulation (tAC), but these retrospective analyses have important limitations such as confounding by indication. We studied the impact of tAC and pAC compared with no anticoagulation (AC) on time to death in COVID-19.

Updates on community acquired pneumonia management in the ICU.

While the world is grappling with the consequences of a global pandemic related to SARS-CoV-2 causing severe pneumonia, available evidence points to bacterial infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common cause of severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP). Rapid diagnostics and molecular testing have improved the identification of co-existent pathogens. However, mortality in patients admitted to ICU remains staggeringly high.

Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis mimicking pneumonia in an adolescent.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of abnormal surfactant production and accumulation. It is typically divided into three main categories: autoimmune, secondary and genetic. The genetic type is more common in children and adolescents, while the autoimmune type is most commonly seen in adults.