Definition of a maximum threshold of direct solar radiation exposure for pedestrians of diverse walking abilities.

Since pedestrians are impacted by solar radiation differently, urban designers must evaluate solar radiation exposure of pedestrian paths adopting an inclusive approach. This paper proposes a maximum threshold of direct solar radiation exposure for pedestrians based on activity, user profile and environmental conditions, defined as the difference between the energy consumption before feeling exhausted and the energy cost of walking. Two users of diverse walking abilities, a young adult and an elderly person with mobility impairment, were characterised by metabolic activity, walking speed and maximum energy capacity.

The Reality of Well-Being-Focused Design in Dementia Care: A Case Study of Acute Dementia Wards in the United Kingdom.

Objective:: The study explored design for well-being within dementia care by investigating the adoption of well-being-focused design in real-world practice, through observing National Health Service (NHS) wards.

Background:: Design for well-being is an approach that considers the psychological and physiological effects of architecture to improve health and well-being. The high psychological care requirement for dementia patients makes them a significant group to study in the evaluation of current hospital facilities.

Suppressive effect of Spirulina fusiformis on diclofenac-induced hepato-renal injury and gastrointestinal ulcer in Wistar albino rats: A biochemical and histological approach.

Context: The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac causes hepato-renal toxicity and gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on Diclofenac-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats.

Methods: Rats were treated as follows: normal control (group I); diclofenac (50mg/kgb.

Treatment Resistant Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Increased Risk for Females.

The male:female ratio in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) averages greater than 4:1 while the male:female ratio of ASD with epilepsy averages less than 3:1. This indicates an elevated risk of epilepsy in females with ASD; yet, it is unknown whether phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD differ between males and females with this comorbidity. The goal of this study is to investigate sex differences in phenotypic features of epilepsy and ASD in a prospective sample of 130 children and young adults with an initial ASD diagnosis and subsequent epilepsy diagnosis.

A de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 15 band q25 as revealed by FISH-technique.

We report a new chromosomal finding in a 20 month-old girl. The minor clinical features included: moderate mental retardation, microcephaly, mild hypotonia and hypertelorism. Initially, what appeared to be a terminal deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 15 [15q26-->qter] was determined to be an interstitial deletion involving band 15q25 as revealed by FISH-technique, showing the presence of intact telomeric hybridization signals.

Two Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome loci present in an isodicentric marker chromosome.

We found an abnormal 47,XX,+mar karyotype in a patient with developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, failure to thrive, and cognitive delay. When metaphases were hybridized with Prader-Willi and Angelman loci-specific probes by the FISH technique, two sites were noted at opposite positions on the marker chromosome. The alphoid satellite DNA probe documented the isodicentric nature while retention of the p arms on both sides of the marker chromosome was demonstrated by beta satellite probe.

Ring chromosome 17 in a mentally retarded boy.

A six-year-old boy was found to have a ring chromosome 17. In addition to psychomotor retardation, speech delay and seizure disorders, his abnormal phenotypic features included epicanthal folds, broad depressed nasal bridge, protruding thick upper and lower lips, micrognathia, narrow high arched palate, short fifth fingers with a mild degree of clinicodactyly, multiple café-aui-lait spots, and abnormal dermatoglyphics.