Evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Generated Patient Education Guides on Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study of ChatGPT and Google Gemini.

Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that requires patient education for management and to avoid triggers and complications. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two artificial intelligence (AI) tools, ChatGPT (version 3.5, OpenAI, Inc.

Reactivity of N terminal histidine of peptides towards excipients/impurity of excipients: A case study of liraglutide excipient compatibility study.

The selection of quality excipients is a crucial step in peptide formulation development. Apart from excipient incompatibility, process-related impurities or degradants of an excipient can interact with peptide-active pharmaceutical ingredients, forming the interaction products. The formaldehyde has been reported as an impurity of excipient in polyethylene glycol, glycerol, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, etc.

Protocol for continuous intravenous drug delivery with implantable iPrecio pump in free-moving rats and mice.

Variable-rate delivery of intravenous drugs is difficult to achieve with a tethered infusion system in a freely moving animal. Here, we present a protocol for continuous intravenous delivery of oxytocin in pregnant rats and mice. We describe steps for using an implantable, preprogrammed, microprocessor-controlled infusion pump connected to the jugular vein to induce labor.

Progresses and perspectives on natural polysaccharide based hydrogels for repair of infarcted myocardium.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is serious health threat and impairs the quality of life. It is a major causative factor of morbidity and mortality. MI leads to the necrosis of cardio-myocytes, cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, eventually leading to heart failure.

H-ras-targeted genetic therapy remarkably surpassed docetaxel treatment in inhibiting chemically induced hepatic tumors in rats.

Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. But its chemotherapeutic options are far from expectation. We here compared H-ras targeted genetic therapy to a commercial docetaxel formulation (DXT) in inhibiting HCC in rats.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Linear Dimensional Change and Compression Resistance of Four Elastomeric Interocclusal Recording Materials: An Study.

Unlabelled: The transfer of interocclusal data from the patient's mouth to articulators utilizing various types of recording media is necessary for the production of dental prostheses. Occlusal errors in the final prosthesis result from any discrepancies in these interocclusal records.

Materials And Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the linear dimensional changes in the four elastomeric interocclusal recording materials as well as the material's resistance to compression during the cast mounting on the articulator.

Isoflurane preconditioning induced genomic changes in mouse cortex.

Background: Altered patterns of genetic expression induced by isoflurane preconditioning in mouse brain have not yet been investigated. The aim of our pilot study is to examine the temporal sequence of changes in the transcriptome of mouse brain cortex produced by isoflurane preconditioning.

Methods: Twelve-wk-old wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice were randomly assigned for the experiments.

Research progresses on carboxymethyl xanthan gum: Review of synthesis, physicochemical properties, rheological characterization and applications in drug delivery.

Xanthan gum is a nonionic polysaccharide widely explored in biomedical, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields. XG suffers from several drawbacks like poor dissolution, lower bioavailability and an inability to form hydrogels. The carboxymethyl derivative of XG, CMX, has better solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability characteristics.

Oxytocin-induced birth causes sex-specific behavioral and brain connectivity changes in developing rat offspring.

Despite six decades of the use of exogenous oxytocin for management of labor, little is known about its effects on the developing brain. Motivated by controversial reports suggesting a link between oxytocin use during labor and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), we employed our recently validated rat model for labor induction with oxytocin to address this important concern. Using a combination of molecular biological, behavioral, and neuroimaging assays, we show that induced birth with oxytocin leads to sex-specific disruption of oxytocinergic signaling in the developing brain, decreased communicative ability of pups, reduced empathy-like behaviors especially in male offspring, and widespread sex-dependent changes in functional cortical connectivity.

Effect of intragranular/extragranular tara gum on sustained gastrointestinal drug delivery from semi-IPN hydrogel matrices.

The present research was undertaken to develop semi-IPN hydrogel matrix tablets of tara gum (TG) and carboxymethyl TG (CMTG) for sustained gastrointestinal delivery of highly water soluble tramadol hydrochloride (TH). The matrix tablets were developed by a hybrid process of wet granulation and direct compression technique. Carboxymethyl TG was crosslinked with dual cross-linking ions (Al/Ca).

Pregnancy-induced differential expression of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza a viral entry factors in the lower respiratory tract.

Despite differences in the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease-19 and pandemic influenza in pregnancy, fundamental mechanistic insights are currently lacking because of the difficulty in recruiting critically ill pregnant subjects for research studies. Therefore, to better understand host-pathogen interaction during pregnancy, we performed a series of foundational experiments in pregnant rats at term gestation to assess the expression of host entry factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) and genes associated with innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract. We report that pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in host factors mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry and an increase in host factors mediating IAV entry.

Carboxymethylated Gums and Derivatization: Strategies and Significance in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

Natural polysaccharides have been widely exploited in drug delivery and tissue engineering research. They exhibit excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse effects; however, it is challenging to assess their bioactivities to that of manufactured synthetics because of their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics. Studies showed that the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides considerably increases the aqueous solubility and bioactivities of inherent polysaccharides and offers structural diversity, but it also has some limitations that can be resolved by derivatization or the grafting of carboxymethylated gums.

Al/Ca cross-linked hydrogel matrix tablet of etherified tara gum for sustained delivery of tramadol hydrochloride in gastrointestinal milieu.

Tara gum (TG) was derivatized to carboxymethyl TG (CMTG) and then cross-linked with Al/Ca ions to prepare Al/Ca cross-linked CMTG matrices for sustained delivery of Tramadol Hydrochloride (TH), a highly water-soluble drug. The effect of Al/Ca ions concentration on swelling, erosion, and drug release behavior from Al/Ca-CMTG matrices was investigated. Al-CMTG matrices had greater cross-linking density, produced a more rigid and denser hydrogel layer than Ca-CMTG matrices.

COVID-19 infection, and reinfection, and vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection among health care workers in the setting of omicron variant transmission in New Delhi, India.

Background: Surge of SARS CoV-2 infections ascribed to omicron variant began in December 2021 in New Delhi. We determined the infection and reinfection density in a cohort of health care workers (HCWs) along with vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection within omicron transmission period (considered from December 01, 2021 to February 25, 2022.

Methods: This is an observational study from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Upregulated influenza A viral entry factors and enhanced interferon-alpha response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats.

Despite the increased severity of influenza A infection in pregnancy, knowledge about the expression of cell entry factors for influenza A virus (IAV) and the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium, the primary portal of viral entry, is limited. Here, we compared the expression of IAV cell entry factors and the status of the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant . non-pregnant female rats.

A review on challenges and issues with carboxymethylation of natural gums: The widely used excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms.

Diverse properties of natural gums have made them quite useful for various pharmaceutical applications. However, they suffer from various problems, including unregulated hydration rates, microbial degradation, and decline in viscosity during warehousing. Among various chemical procedures for modification of gums, carboxymethylation has been widely studied due to its simplicity and efficiency.

Synthetic pharmaceutical peptides characterization by chromatography principles and method development.

As per the United States Food and Drug Administration, any polymer/chain composed of 40 or fewer amino acids is called a peptide, where more than 40 amino acids are considered proteins. On many occasions, there is a change in the source of manufacturing of the peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient, where one has to prove the sameness of that product with the existing formulation by considering several aspects like the presence of impurities/degradation products, the extent of aggregations, and so forth. For the same, several chromatographic characterization techniques such as reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/high-resolution mass spectrometry, supercritical fluid chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and so forth, are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Labor induction with oxytocin in pregnant rats is not associated with oxidative stress in the fetal brain.

Despite the widespread use of oxytocin for induction of labor, mechanistic insights into fetal/neonatal wellbeing are lacking because of the absence of an animal model that recapitulates modern obstetric practice. Here, we create and validate a hi-fidelity pregnant rat model that mirrors labor induction with oxytocin in laboring women. The model consists of an implantable preprogrammed microprocessor-controlled infusion pump that delivers a gradually escalating dose of intravenous oxytocin to induce birth at term gestation.

Birth with synthetic oxytocin and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.

Background: Despite the importance of oxytocinergic signalling for satiety regulation and energy balance, the impact of exposure to synthetic oxytocin during childbirth on obesity during childhood remains unknown.

Objectives: To examine the association between oxytocin exposure during labour and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood.

Methods: Synthetic oxytocin exposure data of mothers from the Danish Medical Birth Registry were linked with self-reported anthropometric data of their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (5 months-11 years of age).

Impact of intrauterine fetal resuscitation with oxygen on oxidative stress in the developing rat brain.

Use of maternal oxygen for intrauterine resuscitation is contentious because of the lack of evidence for its efficacy and the possibility of fetal harm through oxidative stress. Because the developing brain is rich in lipids and low in antioxidants, it remains vulnerable to oxidative stress. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a term pregnant rat model with oxytocin-induced fetal distress followed by treatment with either room air or 100% oxygen for 6 h.

Role of SIRT1 in Isoflurane Conditioning-Induced Neurovascular Protection against Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Secondary to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

We recently reported that isoflurane conditioning provided multifaceted protection against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and this protection was through the upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). SIRT1, an NAD-dependent deacetylase, was shown to be one of the critical regulators of eNOS. The aim of our current study is to examine the role of SIRT1 in isoflurane conditioning-induced neurovascular protection against SAH-induced DCI.

Yap1 Mediates Trametinib Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Purpose: In a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) "window of opportunity" clinical trial, we reported that trametinib reduced MEK-Erk1/2 activation and resulted in tumor responses in a subset of patients. Here, we investigated resistance to trametinib and molecular correlates in HNSCC cell lines and patient samples.

Experimental Design: HNSCC cell lines were treated with trametinib to generate resistant lines.