Trion-Inhibited Strong Excitonic Emission and Broadband Giant Photoresponsivity from Chemical Vapor-Deposited Monolayer MoS Grown in Situ on TiO Nanostructure.

2D material-based heterostructures often prepared by wet transfer technique suffers from poor interface and contamination issues and it results in inferior device performance. Herein, we report an in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of MoS@TiO core-shell heterojunction with single-layer MoS (1L-MoS) as the shell and 3D TiO nanoflower (NF) as the core for multifunctional optoelectronic applications. We explore a powerful approach to switch the trions in 1L-MoS into neutral excitons by developing a core-shell heterostructure with TiO and demonstrate a giant photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in the 1L-MoS shell.

Defining a Canonical Ligand-Binding Pocket in the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.

Nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1/NR4A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor (NR) that is considered to function without a canonical ligand-binding pocket (LBP). A crystal structure of the Nurr1 ligand-binding domain (LBD) revealed no physical space in the conserved region where other NRs with solvent accessible apo-protein LBPs bind synthetic and natural ligands. Using solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the putative canonical Nurr1 LBP is dynamic with high solvent accessibility, exchanges between two or more conformations on the microsecond-to-millisecond timescale, and can expand from the collapsed crystallized conformation to allow binding of unsaturated fatty acids.

Incurred sample reanalysis in drug discovery bioanalysis.

Bioanalysis plays a key role during the drug discovery process to generate the pharmacokinetic data to facilitate unbiased evaluation of leads, optimized leads and drug candidates. Such pharmacokinetic data are used to enable key decisions in the drug discovery process. The aim of the work is to put forward a new strategy of performing the incurred sample reanalysis for select small molecule novel chemical entities at different stages of drug discovery prior to candidate selection.

Shape Tailored TiO₂ Nanostructures and Their Hybrids for Advanced Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review.

Shape tailored TiO₂ nanostructures with various dimensionality (zero to three dimension) have unique physicochemical and functional properties that facilitates its efficient energy and environment applications, e.g., solar light driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation and decontamination of organic/inorganic toxic pollutants, CO₂ reduction into the hydrocarbon fuels, solar cells, supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries etc.

Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Avibactam, A Newly Approved non-β lactam β-lactamase Inhibitor Drug, In Combination Use With Ceftazidime.

Avibactam, a potent non-β lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, was recently approved in the USA for combination use with ceftazidime, a cephalosporin antibiotic drug. The addition of avibactam potentiates the antimicrobial drug ceftazidime, which otherwise would have been susceptible to β-lactamases produced by variety of Gram negative pathogens. The focus of this review was to provide clinical pharmacokinetic data of avibactam to cover absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion aspects including any potential for avibactam to show drug-drug interactions in the clinic.

In Vitro Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Sulfoxide and/or Sulfone Metabolites of Albendazole, Triclabendazole , Aldicarb, Methiocarb, Montelukast and Ziprasidone.

Background: The use of polypharmacy in the present day clinical therapy has made the identification of clinical drug-drug interaction risk an important aspect of drug development process. Although many drugs can be metabolized to sulfoxide and/or sulfone metabolites, seldom is known on the CYP inhibition potential and/or the metabolic fate for such metabolites.

Objective: The key objectives were: a) to evaluate the in vitro CYP inhibition potential of selected parent drugs with sulfoxide/sulfone metabolites; b) to assess the in vitro metabolic fate of the same panel of parent drugs and metabolites.

Multifunctional Ag nanoparticle decorated Si nanowires for sensing, photocatalysis and light emission applications.

We report on the fabrication of Ag nanoparticle (NP) decorated mesoporous Si nanowire (NW) heterostructure (HS) by a simple and low cost chemical process. The as-grown Si NWs are mesoporous in nature and the Ag NP decorated Si NWs (Ag@Si NWs) exhibit broadband light emission, ultralow reflectance, efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and excellent sensitivity for the detection of organic molecules over a wide range of concentration. The broadband white light photoluminescence emission from the bare Si NWs is explained on the basis of quantum confinement effect in Si NCs/NWs and the nonbridging oxygen hole center defects in the SiSiO interface.

Identification and preclinical characterization of a novel and potent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor ZYTP1.

Purpose: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in the detection and repair of DNA damage. Studies have shown that inhibition of PARP and Tankyrase (TNKS) has significant antitumor effect in several types of cancers including BRCA-negative breast cancers.

Methods: Identification of ZYTP1, a novel PARP inhibitor, through a battery of in vitro assays and in vivo studies.

Impact of collagen-induced arthritis on the pharmacokinetic disposition of voriconazole, a widely used antifungal agent: in vitro and in vivo investigations in DBA/1J mice.

Pharmacokinetics of voriconazole, an anti-fungal agent, was determined in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) and healthy DBA/1J mice. CIA was confirmed in DBA/1J mice by clinical scoring and histological analysis. In vivo oral pharmacokinetic study (3 mg/kg) and in vitro stability assessment in liver microsomes were performed in CIA vs.

Role of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in pathogen-mediated intracellular iron sequestration in human phagocytic cells.

Upon infection, pathogen and host compete for the same iron pool, because this trace metal is a crucial micronutrient for all living cells. Iron dysregulation in the host is strongly associated with poor outcomes in several infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria, and inefficient iron scavenging by pathogens severely affects their virulence. Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates, responsible for diminishing iron export from macrophages during iron overload or infection.

Inhaled Fasudil Lacks Pulmonary Selectivity in Thromboxane-Induced Acute Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborn Lambs.

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potentially deadly disease for infants and adults with few existing medical interventions and no cure. In PH, increased blood pressure in the pulmonary artery eventually leads to heart failure. Fasudil, an antagonist of Rho-kinase, causes vasodilation leading to decreased systemic artery pressure and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).

Cervical Myelopathy in a Child: A Rare Cause of Hypoventilation Syndrome Presenting with Type 2 Respiratory Failure.

Hypoventilation syndrome leading to Type 2 respiratory failure is not a rare cause of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admission and mechanical ventilation. Common causes in pediatric population are Guillain-Barre syndrome and various central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, and drugs. Any injury or disease in the cervical cord can also produce respiratory paralysis causing respiratory failure.

Heparin inhibits intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial replication by reducing iron levels in human macrophages.

Iron is a crucial micronutrient for both mammals and their associated pathogens, and extensive literature has shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli inhibited from acquiring iron from the host are severely attenuated. In contrast, increased dietary iron concentrations or patients with hemochromatosis have long been associated with a more severe tuberculosis (TB) disease outcome. We have observed that upon macrophage infection, Mtb bacilli strongly promote intracellular iron sequestration, both through increased expression of hepcidin, a key mammalian iron regulatory protein, and downregulation of the iron exporter protein, ferroportin.

Evaluation of novel TGR5 agonist in combination with Sitagliptin for possible treatment of type 2 diabetes.

TGR5 is a member of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, a promising molecular target for metabolic diseases. Activation of TGR5 promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which activates insulin secretion. A series of 2-thio-imidazole derivatives have been identified as novel, potent and orally efficacious TGR5 agonists.

Acute Hypoxia Induces Enkephalin Production and Release in an Adrenergic Cell Line Model of Neonatal Chromaffin Cell Responses to Hypoxic Stress.

Objective: Prior to maturation of the human sympathetic nervous system, the neonatal adrenal medulla senses and responds to hypoxia. In addition to catecholamine release, the adrenal medulla synthesizes and stores opioid peptides, notably enkephalin (ENK). However, it is not known whether acute hypoxia evokes adrenal ENK production and release, as seen in the central nervous system (CNS).

Scrub Typhus - A Major Cause of Pediatric Intensive Care Admission and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience from India.

Aim Of The Study: Scrub typhus has been globally recognized as an emerging infectious disease contributing significantly to pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and a potential cause of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). We studied the incidence of scrub typhus as a cause of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and MODS in our hospital and its clinical and laboratory characteristics to measure the incidence of MODS caused by scrub typhus.

Materials And Methods: This study was done in a pediatric teaching hospital in Kolkata, India.

Microbiology, clinical spectrum and outcome of peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis in India: Results from a multicentric, observational study.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a major risk factor for drop out of patients on continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and automated PD (APD). Factors affecting PD-related peritonitis and centre-specific microbiological data are lacking in India. A multicentric prospective observational study was designed to overcome the gaps in the existing data regarding causative organism and outcome.

Anomalous fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots by single walled carbon nanotubes.

We explore the mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) over a wide range of concentrations of SWCNTs. At very low concentrations of SWCNTs, the fluorescence intensity of the GQDs is enhanced, while at higher concentrations, systematic quenching of fluorescence is observed. The nature of the Stern-Volmer plot for the latter case was found to be non-linear indicating a combined effect of dynamic and static quenching.

Pretreatment with minocycline improves neurogenesis and behavior performance after midazolam exposure in neonatal rats.

Laboratory studies suggested that general anesthetics induce neuroapoptosis and inhibit neurogenesis in developing brains of animals. Minocycline exerts neuroprotection against a wide range of toxic insults in neurodegenerative diseases models. Here, we investigate whether minocycline can alleviate neurogenetic damage and improve cognition following midazolam exposure in neonatal rats.

Preclinical evaluation of saroglitazar magnesium, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist for treatment of dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders.

1. Saroglitazar, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. The objective of this report is to provide a preclinical evaluation (in vitro/in vivo) of ADME properties of saroglitazar.

Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) for assessment of skin blood perfusion in cranioplasty: a proof of concept for qualitative comparison with the standard indocyanine green video angiography (ICGA).

Purpose: Complications in wound healing after neurosurgical operations occur often due to scarred dehiscence with skin blood perfusion disturbance. The standard imaging method for intraoperative skin perfusion assessment is the invasive indocyanine green video angiography (ICGA). The noninvasive dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) is a promising alternative modality that was evaluated by comparison with ICGA.

Patient-Centered Structured Interdisciplinary Bedside Rounds in the Medical ICU.

Objectives: We examined the effects of introducing patient-centered structured interdisciplinary bedside rounds in the medical ICU with respect to rounding efficiency, provider satisfaction, and patient/family satisfaction.

Design: A prospective, nonblinded, nonrandomized, parallel group study from June 21, 2016, to August 15, 2016.

Setting: The medical ICU at a tertiary care academic medical center.

Density functional theory investigation of negative differential resistance and efficient spin filtering in niobium-doped armchair graphene nanoribbons.

Using density functional theory calculations in combination with a non-equilibrium Green's function method, we explore the transport properties of a niobium-doped (∼3.57%) armchair graphene nanoribbon of dimer length 7 in a two-terminal device configuration. The band structure of the supercell with niobium atoms showed spin splitting near the Fermi level.