Navigating the challenges of engineering composite specialized metabolite pathways in plants.

Plants are a valuable source of diverse specialized metabolites with numerous applications. However, these compounds are often produced in limited quantities, particularly under unfavorable ecological conditions. To achieve sufficient levels of target metabolites, alternative strategies such as pathway engineering in heterologous systems like microbes (e.

Risk of bias assessment of post-stroke mortality machine learning predictive models: Systematic review.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Precise prediction of post-stroke mortality is essential for guiding treatment decisions and rehabilitation planning. The ability of Machine learning models to process large amounts of data, offer a promising alternative for improving mortality prediction in stroke patients.

Dual-Baseline Search for Active-to-Sterile Neutrino Oscillations in NOvA.

We report a search for neutrino oscillations to sterile neutrinos under a model with three active and one sterile neutrinos (3+1 model). This analysis uses the NOvA detectors exposed to the NuMI beam, running in neutrino mode. The data exposure, 13.

Conceptualizing green finance: Findings from textual and network analysis.

Green finance has seen increased attention from academic researchers and policymakers due to its relevance in mitigating climate change and achieving environmental sustainability goals. Despite the exponential rise in its research publications and policy articles, there remains a lack of uniformity in the scholarly understanding of green finance. The lack of proper understanding and fragmented definitions further impede this domain's theoretical and practical advancements.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition couples with cell cycle arrest at various stages.

Numerous computational approaches have been developed to infer cell state transition trajectories from snapshot single-cell data. Most approaches first require projecting high-dimensional data onto a low-dimensional representation, raising the question of whether the dynamics of the system become distorted. Using epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a test system, we show that both biology-guided low-dimensional representations and stochastic trajectory simulations in high-dimensional state space, not representations obtained with dimension-reduction methods, reveal multiple distinct paths of TGF-β-induced EMT.

A Large-Scale Genome-wide Association Study of Blood Pressure Accounting for Gene-Depressive Symptomatology Interactions in 564,680 Individuals from Diverse Populations.

Background Gene-environment interactions may enhance our understanding of hypertension. Our previous study highlighted the importance of considering psychosocial factors in gene discovery for blood pressure (BP) but was limited in statistical power and population diversity. To address these challenges, we conducted a multi-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BP accounting for gene-depressive symptomatology (DEPR) interactions in a larger and more diverse sample.

Flexible Alternating Projection for Spatially Extended Brain Source Localization.

Understanding the neural sources behind MEG and EEG signals holds significance for both basic and clinical neuroscience. Existing techniques, such as the Recursive Applied and Projected Multiple Signal Classification (RAP-MUSIC) and Alternating Projection (AP), rely on a limited set of current dipoles, representing focal sources with zero spatial extent. However, this zero-extent dipole model oversimplifies realistic neural activity, assumed to exhibit varying degrees of spatial extent.

Mapping the landscape of childhood obesity: genomic insights and socioeconomic status in Indian school-going children.

Objective: Childhood obesity (OB) is influenced by complex gene-environmental interaction. While genetics of adult OB have been extensively studied, polygenic childhood OB in non-European populations is still underexplored. Furthermore, in a developing nation such as India, how the environmental component strongly modulated by the socioeconomic status (SES) shapes the genetic susceptibility is crucial to understand.

A novel bifunctional inhibitor of protease and α-amylase from Clitorea ternatea restricts the growth and development in Spodoptera frugiperda.

An inhibitor molecule capable of inhibiting a wide range of digestive enzymes without affecting endogenous enzymes is always desirable. We report characterization of CteTAI (M.W.

Measurement of CP Asymmetries in B^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{0}γ Decays at Belle II.

We report measurements of time-dependent CP asymmetries in B^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{0}γ decays based on a data sample of (388±6)×10^{6}  BB[over ¯] events collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle II detector. The Belle II experiment operates at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e^{+}e^{-} collider. We measure decay-time distributions to determine CP -violating parameters S and C.

Evidence of h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η Decay and Search for h_{b}(1P,2P)→ϒ(1S)π^{0} with the Belle Detector.

We report the first evidence for the h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η transition with a significance of 3.5 standard deviations. The decay branching fraction is measured to be B[h_{b}(2P)→ϒ(1S)η]=(7.

Microplastics influencing aquatic environment and human health: A review of source, determination, distribution, removal, degradation, management strategy and future perspective.

Microplastics (MPs) are produced from various primary and secondary sources and pose multifaceted environmental problems. They are of non-biodegradable nature and may stay in aquatic environments for a long time period. The present review has covered novel aspects pertaining to MPs that were not covered in earlier studies.

A clinical algorithm to identify people with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase p.Val68Met variant at risk for diabetes undertreatment.

Purpose: To develop an algorithm using routine clinical laboratory measurements to identify people at risk for systematic underestimation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) due to p.Val68Met glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

Methods: We analyzed 122,307 participants of self-identified Black race across four large cohorts with blood glucose, HbA1c, and red cell distribution width measurements from a single blood draw.

Application of an Externally Developed Algorithm to Identify Research Cases and Controls from Electronic Health Record Data: Failures and Successes.

Background: The use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in research demands robust, interoperable systems. By linking biorepositories to EHR algorithms, researchers can efficiently identify cases and controls for large observational studies (e.g.

High levels of sinigrin trigger synthesis of fatty acids in Plutella xylostella (L.).

Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae; Plutella xylostella L.) is a specialist insect of the Brassicaceae family, damaging economically important crops, such as cabbage and cauliflower. Glucosinolates, also known as 'mustard oil bombs' are present in all Brassicaceae members, of which sinigrin (allyl-glucosinolate or 2-propenyl-glucosinolate) is a major aliphatic compound.

Genetic insights into CRP levels in Indian adolescents: confirming adult genetic associations.

CRP is a biomarker of acute inflammation linked to metabolic complications. Given the rising prevalence of these conditions in India, we investigated the genetic basis of CRP levels in Indian adolescents, an underrepresented group in genetic studies, to identify early markers of metabolic risk. We performed a two-phased genome-wide association study (GWAS; N = 5052) and an independent Exome-wide association study (ExWAS; N = 4547), to identify both common and rare genetic variants associated with CRP levels.

Designing a summative assessment blueprint in community medicine: an expert consensus approach at All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Despite the increasing integration of competency-based education in medicine, there remains a significant gap in effectively assessing educational outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for designed assessment blueprints that accurately reflect both curriculum content and competency standards in Community Medicine for undergraduate students. This study, conducted across the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) network, develops a summative assessment blueprint aimed at standardizing evaluations in medical education across diverse geographic locations in India.

Methods: Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper.

Impact of rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing for Gram-negative bacteremia varies by pathogen type and resistance: a secondary analysis of the RAPIDS GN trial.

In this secondary analysis of 386 subjects with Gram-negative bacteremia enrolled in the RAPIDS GN trial, rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing had a greater benefit on the management of bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant compared to antibiotic-susceptible isolates, especially for species and species.IMPORTANCERapid blood culture diagnostics are costly, and their use has not demonstrated clear clinical benefit for patients with Gram-negative sepsis, possibly because prior trials did not enroll sufficient numbers of patients with antibiotic-resistant infections. This analysis of patients with sepsis previously enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial demonstrates that rapid susceptibility testing of bacteria from blood cultures had the greatest impact for patients with antibiotic-resistant infections.

A decision-space model explains context-specific decision-making.

Optimal decision-making requires consideration of internal and external contexts. Biased decision-making is a transdiagnostic symptom of neuropsychiatric disorders. We created a computational model demonstrating how the striosome compartment of the striatum constructs a context-dependent mathematical space for decision-making computations, and how the matrix compartment uses this space to define action value.

MYB proteins: Versatile regulators of plant development, stress responses, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways.

MYB proteins are ubiquitous in nature, regulating key aspects of plant growth and development. Although MYB proteins are known for regulating genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis, particularly phenylpropanoids, their roles in terpenoid, glucosinolate, and alkaloid biosynthesis remain less understood. This review explores the structural and functional differences between activator and repressor MYB proteins along with their roles in plant growth, development, stress responses, and secondary metabolite production.

Search for CP-Violating Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment.

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{e}(ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters ϵ_{eμ} and ϵ_{eτ}. With 90% CL the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be |ϵ_{eμ}|≲0.

Sex disparities in outcomes among hospitalizations for heart failure.

This study investigated sex differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations using the National Inpatient Sample data, 2016-2019. HF hospitalizations ≥ 41 years of age were included and stratified by sex. Study outcomes were in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay, mechanical ventilation, mechanical circulatory support, vasopressor use, and disposition other than home.