Role of the HGF/c-MET pathway in resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Most of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients will experience tumor progression with immunotherapy (IO). Preliminary data suggested an association between high plasma HGF levels and poor response to IO in advanced NSCLC. Our study aimed to evaluate further the role of the HGF/MET pathway in resistance to IO in advanced NSCLC.

Respiratory recovery trajectories after severe-to-critical COVID-19: a 1-year prospective multicentre study.

Background: Survivors of severe-to-critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have functional impairment, radiological sequelae and persistent symptoms requiring prolonged follow-up. This pragmatic study aimed to describe their clinical follow-up and determine their respiratory recovery trajectories, and the factors that could influence them and their health-related quality of life.

Methods: Adults hospitalised for severe-to-critical COVID-19 were evaluated at 3 months and up to 12 months post-hospital discharge in this prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Efficacy and Safety of Doravirine-Based Regimens in Real Life: A Prospective Monocentric French Study.

Doravirine (DOR) efficacy and safety have been evaluated in adult naive or treated patients starting a DOR-based regimen between September 15, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Medical history and examination, laboratory results, and tolerance were assessed during the 48 weeks of follow-up. Among the 77 patients included, virological control (VC) was noticed for 66 patients at baseline.

Gender Differences in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Are Men and Women Equal?

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a male predominance. The aim of the study was to explore gender differences in a well-designed French multicentre prospective IPF cohort (COhorte FIbrose, COFI) with a 5-year follow-up. Between 2007 and 2010, 236 patients with incident IPF were included in COFI.

Baseline Hedgehog Pathway Activation and Increase of Plasma Wnt1 Protein Are Associated with Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless-type (Wnt) pathways are associated with resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in preclinical studies. This study aimed to assess the association between expression and activation levels of Wnt and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathways and resistance to ICIs in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI. Hh and Wnt pathways activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry (Gli1 and beta-catenin) on corresponding tumor tissues, and by plasma concentrations of Shh and Wnt (Wnt1, Wnt2 and Wnt3) at ICI introduction and at the first clinical evaluation.

Plasma Biomarkers Screening by Multiplex ELISA Assay in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are commonly used in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An unmet need remains for new biomarkers associated with ICIs. In this study, consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab were included.

Functional assessment and phenotypic heterogeneity of and mutations in interstitial lung diseases and lung cancer.

Introduction: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can be caused by mutations in the and genes, which encode the surfactant protein (SP) complex SP-A. Only 11 or mutations have so far been reported worldwide, of which five have been functionally assessed. In the framework of ILD molecular diagnosis, we identified 14 independent patients with pathogenic or mutations.

Sequential ctDNA whole-exome sequencing in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with initial durable tumor response on immune checkpoint inhibitor and late progression.

Background: Despite prolonged tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for a subset of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a secondary resistance will occur for a majority of these patients. The understanding of late progression mechanisms with ICIs is important to improve future treatment strategies.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on circulating tumor DNA and compared molecular profiles between the beginning of ICI treatment and tumor progression in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs and who had initial and prolonged tumor response with secondary progression, after at least 6 months of treatment.

Role of antibiotic use, plasma citrulline and blood microbiome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab.

Background: Recent data suggested a role of gut microbiota and antibiotic use on immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of early use of antibiotic (EUA), blood microbiome and plasmatic citrulline (marker of the intestinal barrier) on nivolumab efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We included all consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab in our Department between 2014 and 2017.

Positive plasma cotinine during platinum-based chemotherapy is associated with poor response rate in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Introduction: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are most of the time treated with a first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. Tobacco use is responsible for 90% of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking continuation during first-line chemotherapy on tumor response in advanced-stage NSCLC.

Predictive role of plasmatic biomarkers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated by nivolumab.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, as nivolumab, are used in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no associated biomarker is validated in clinical practice with this drug. We investigated herein immune-related blood markers in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab.

Circulating tumor DNA evaluated by Next-Generation Sequencing is predictive of tumor response and prolonged clinical benefit with nivolumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Nivolumab is an anti-PD1 antibody, given in second-line or later treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to describe the predictive value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) on the efficacy of nivolumab in advanced NSCLC. We prospectively included all consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab in our Department between June 2015 and October 2016.

Clinical factors associated with early progression and grade 3-4 toxicity in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancers treated with nivolumab.

Introduction: The prognosis of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been improved by development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab for second-line treatment. As phase III trials include only selected patients, we here investigated the clinical factors associated with efficacy and safety of nivolumab in 'real life' patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Clinical and histological characteristics, therapies and survival data of all consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC included prospectively and treated by nivolumab in two French academic hospitals between February 2015 and December 2016 were examined.

Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: moving beyond enumeration.

Molecular characterization of tumor cells is a key step in the diagnosis and optimal treatment of lung cancer. However, analysis of tumor samples, often corresponding to small biopsies, can be difficult and does not accurately reflect tumor heterogeneity. Recent studies have shown that isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is feasible in non-small cell lung cancer patients, even at early disease stages.

Paradoxical worsening of hypoxemia in a patient treated by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for obesity hypoventilation syndrome with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea: a case report.

Background: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is frequently prescribed to obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. However, mechanical ventilation with a positive end-expiratory pressure can induce or worsen a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale associated with systemic hypoxemia. Thus, in obese patients treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, a paradoxical worsening of hypoxemia may reveal the existence of a patent foramen ovale.

Role of atmospheric pollution on the natural history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has an unpredictable course corresponding to various profiles: stability, physiological disease progression and rapid decline. A minority of patients experience acute exacerbations (AEs). A recent study suggested that ozone and nitrogen dioxide might contribute to the occurrence of AE.

Immunotherapy revolutionises non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: Results, perspectives and new challenges.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target key signalling pathways such as programmed death 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligands 1 and 2 (PDL1 and PDL2) to improve anti-tumour immune responses. Until recently, nivolumab was the only ICI validated for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a second-line treatment setting. Results from recent phase II and phase III randomised trials testing other ICIs have been presented.

High quality standards for a large-scale prospective population-based observational cohort: Constances.

Background: Long-term multicentre studies are subject to numerous factors that may affect the integrity of their conclusions. Quality control and standardization of data collection are crucial to minimise the biases induced by these factors. Nevertheless, tools implemented to manage biases are rarely described in publications about population-based cohorts.

Fatal Haemoptysis Associated with Dramatic Response to Crizotinib in an ALK-Rearranged Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The presence of an ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) rearrangement is a rare molecular feature in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), and concerns mainly non- or light smokers, young patients, with adenocarcinoma histological type. These tumours are particularly sensitive to Alk-targeted therapies, as crizotinib. Crizotinib is usually well-tolerated.

Olmesartan-induced enteropathy associated with cutaneous lesions.

Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist which may cause severe sprue-like enteropathy with duodenal villous atrophy. Skin lesions may be associated as reported for the first time in our case. Clinicians should be informed of this side effect and its reversibility after suspension of the drug.

Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody (Omalizumab) in Refractory and Relapsing Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): Data on Seventeen Patients.

Objective: To describe the efficacy and safety of omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, in patients with refractory and/or relapsing eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) (EGPA).

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective study including EGPA patients who received omalizumab. Response was defined as the absence of asthma and/or sinonasal exacerbations with a prednisone dosage of ≤7.

Feasibility of spirometry in primary care to screen for COPD: a pilot study.

Background: COPD is a frequent but underdiagnosed disease whose diagnosis relies on the spirometric demonstration of bronchial obstruction. Spirometry use by general practitioners could represent the first line in COPD diagnosis.

Objective: Because duration of spirometry is retarding its development in primary care, we decided to measure the time it requires in the primary-care context in France.