Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among children attending group daycare in southeastern France.

Regular surveys of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage have been conducted among children attending daycare centers in Southeastern France from 1999 to 2012. We compared carriage rate, susceptibility patterns and serotype distribution in 2012, following implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, with findings from 5 previous surveys. Carriage rate was stable, antibiotic susceptibility improved and only serotype 19A persisted among vaccine-types.

Impact of an assisted reassessment of antibiotic therapies on the quality of prescriptions in an intensive care unit.

Objectives: The study's objective was to assess the impact of a professional multifaceted intervention designed to improve the quality of inpatient empirical therapeutic antibiotic courses at the time of their reassessment, i.e. 24 to 96 hours after treatment initiation.

Macronutrient absorption characteristics in humans with short bowel syndrome and jejunocolonic anastomosis: starch is the most important carbohydrate substrate, although pectin supplementation may modestly enhance short chain fatty acid production and fluid absorption.

Background: Diet may play an important role in the management of patients with short bowel syndrome who have colon in continuity. However, macronutrient absorption has not been well characterized, and the most appropriate dietary constituents have not been well defined.

Objective: To define carbohydrate absorption characteristics in patients with short bowel syndrome and determine the potential role of pectin as a dietary substrate.

Outcome of exfoliative rejection after isolated intestinal transplantation in an adult: case report.

A 34-year-old-man with short-bowel syndrome received an isolated small bowel graft. On postoperative day (POD) 11, ileal biopsy specimen demonstrated mild to moderate rejection that did not respond to corticosteroid bolus therapy. On POD 14, endoscopy and histologic examination revealed exfoliative rejection that was not controlled after 14 days of therapy with thymoglobulin.

Concomitant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria is associated with complicated S. aureus bacteremia.

Objectives: To identify factors associated with complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in adults.

Methods: Prospective observational multicenter study during 2 years in Nice University Hospital and during 6 months in the Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, including all adult inpatients with SAB assessed by an Infectious Diseases (ID) specialist.

Results: We included 104 SAB (79 in Nice and 25 in Paris), of which 45 were complicated, including 18 endocarditis and 23 bone and joint infections.

Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition.

Aim: Diarrhea is a significant problem in patients on total enteral nutrition (TEN) and may involve changes in intestinal short chain fatty acids or microflora. Recent studies suggest that the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) may decrease its incidence. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.

Effects of total enteral nutrition supplemented with a multi-fibre mix on faecal short-chain fatty acids and microbiota.

Background And Aims: Impaired bowel function is frequent in tube-fed patients, and diarrhoea is associated with decreased faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a multi-fibre-enriched formula (15 g/l) and a fibre-free isoenergetic and isonitrogenous formula on faecal SCFAs and microbiota in long-term enteral nutrition (EN) patients.

Methods: Fifteen patients [11M/4F, aged 53 (40-73)] on total EN for 43 (1-310) months for dysphagia received a fibre-free formula for 7 days, followed in a random order by either the multi-fibre-enriched formula for 14 days and then the fibre-free formula for 14 days or vice versa.

[Outbreak of tropical phagedenic ulcers after the rainy season in Dijibouti].

The incidence of cutaneous ulcers was observed after the rainy season in Djibouti in 1997. Based on the study of epidemiologic, clinical, biological, and therapeutic features these lesion were classified as phagedenic ulcers. While direct examination showed numerous fusiform bacilli, cultures performed in one patient, led to isolation of numerous colonies of Prevotella loescheii.

Effects of fatty acids on the growth of Caco-2 cells.

Epidemiological studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids may protect against colorectal neoplasia. In order to explore this observation, cell proliferation and viability, lipid composition, membrane fluidity, and lipid peroxidation were measured in Caco-2 cells after 48h incubation with various fatty acids. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids incorporated less well in the membranes than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

[Lemierre's syndrome: a report of six cases].

Objective: Lemierre's syndrome is a rare but severe condition combining pyrexia, cervical pain and pulmonary signs following a pharyngeal infection, usually tonsillitis. This infectious disease is still present in our country despite wide use of antibiotic therapy in pharyngeal infections.

Methods: In a retrospective study conducted between 1995 and 2000 in two departments (infectious diseases and critical care unit) of Nice university hospital (Nice, France), we collected and analysed six cases of Lemierre's syndrome.

Total artificial nutrition is associated with major changes in the fecal flora.

Background: Animal studies have demonstrated dramatic changes in the intestinal flora during total enteral (TEN) or parenteral (TPN) nutrition.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the impact of TEN and TPN on human intestinal microflora.

Methods: Eight patients on fiber-free TEN, five patients on TPN, and ten controls were studied.

Priming by microbial antigens from the intestinal flora determines the ability of CD4+ T cells to rapidly secrete IL-4 in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major.

Infection of BALB/c mice with Leishmania major results in the rapid accumulation of IL-4 transcripts within CD4(+) T cells that react to the parasite Leishmania homologue of mammalian RACK1 (LACK) Ag. Because memory/effector cells secrete IL-4 more rapidly than naive cells, we sought to analyze the phenotype of these lymphocytes before infection. Indeed, a fraction of LACK-specific CD4(+) T cells expressed a typical CD62 ligand(low)CD44(high)CD45RB(low) phenotype in uninfected mice.

Survey of anaerobic susceptibility patterns: a French multicentre study.

In 1996, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of 463 anaerobes was measured in five hospitals using the reference agar dilution method. None of the 209 B. fragilis group strains showed resistance to imipenem or ticarcillin-clavulanic acid.

Acquired ciliary abnormalities of nasal mucosa in marrow recipients.

Respiratory symptoms are frequent after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Most studies focus on lesions of the lower respiratory tract. However, sinusitis is also common in this setting, especially after allogeneic BMT.

Evolution of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics during a six-year period in a haematology unit.

A knowledge of the bacterial ecology of a haematology unit should help in the management of the febrile patient with or without neutropenia. We studied the prevalence and the susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated during a six-year period among patients hospitalized in a 44-bed haematology unit. Antibiotic use over this period was also studied.

[Susceptibility of strict anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics in France: a multicenter study].

During 1992, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of 462 anaerobic bacteria was performed in 7 hospitals, by the reference agar dilution method. Among the 222 Bacteroides fragilis group strains, only one Bacteroides fragilis strain was resistant to imipenem and all bêtalactams, even combined with bêtalactamase-inhibitors while metronidazole resistance could not be detected. One major outer membrane protein (probably a porin) was lacking in some of the six amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant Bacteroides fragilis group strains.

Nocardia asteroides septicemia in a pemphigus patient. Successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amikacin association.

We report the case of a patient with pemphigus who presented Nocardia asteroides septicemia. The infection was controlled with an original association of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amikacin.

[Bacteriological, parasitological and virological study of the digestive flora in alpha-chain disease].

Intestinal flora was explored in twelve patients affected with alpha-chain disease at different stages (stage A: 2 cases; stage B: 6 cases; stage C: 4 cases). Bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum was observed in 11 cases, but intestinal flora was diverse and no one species was always present; although a 3-month oral antibiotic treatment induced complete remission in one patient (stage A) it was not possible to demonstrate any pathogenic bacterial species. Intestinal lambliasis was present in 40 p.

Technical hazards of using nutritive mixtures in bags for cyclical intravenous nutrition: comparison with standard intravenous nutrition in 48 gastroenterological patients.

Three methods for dispensing nutritional solutions are compared in 48 patients with gastrointestinal diseases on intravenous nutrition during 3582 days. The protocol for intravenous nutrition applied by the nursing team and the solutions used were the same in the three groups. In group A standard bottles were used, while in group B, 31PVC-disposable bags were used--with fat emulsion included (group B1) or with fat excluded (group B2).