An update on the treatment and management of cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) occurs in 34-70% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, significantly impacting quality of life. CI can occur independently of physical disability, even in those with 'benign MS.' Cognitive deficits are heterogeneous, but common areas affected include processing speed, memory, and executive functions.

The efficacy of reconstructive therapy in the surgical management of peri-implantitis: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To assess whether guided bone regeneration (GBR) treatment of peri-implantitis-related bony defects could improve healing compared to open flap debridement (OFD) at 36 months.

Materials And Methods: In a multi-centre, randomized clinical trial, 32 individuals received OFD (control group [CG]) and 34 GBR treatment (test group [TG]). Radiographic defect fill (RDF), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP) suppuration (SUP), mucosal recession (MREC) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated at 36 months.

Executive functioning during verbal fluency tasks in bilinguals: A systematic review.

Background: Bilingualism is widespread and being bilingual is more common than being monolingual. The lifelong practice bilinguals receive from managing two languages seems to lead to a cognitive benefit. Conversely, bilingualism seems to affect language ability negatively due to less use of each known language.

Radiographic and Histologic Evaluations of Peri-implantitis on the Grafted Maxillary Sinus: A Report of Two Cases.

Management of peri-implantitis is becoming an increasing issue for implantologists and periodontists. The need for bone augmentation is more and more frequent, especially in the posterior maxilla requiring sinus augmentation. Peri-implantitis represents a real danger for implants, but to this day, the available literature concerning the impact of this disease on regenerated bone and on maxillary sinus pathology is very limited.

The Cognitive Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Members of the General Population in Italy: A Preliminary Study on Executive Inhibition.

The pandemic period which has characterized the last two years has been associated with increasingly worsening psychological conditions, and previous studies have reported severe levels of anxiety, mood disorder, and psychopathological alteration in the general population. In particular, worldwide populations have appeared to present post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Surprisingly, no studies have evaluated the effect of COVID-related PTSS on cognitive functioning.

The Broken Heart: The Role of Life Events in Takotsubo Syndrome.

The onset of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is thought to be associated with some life events. This study focuses on clarifying life event characteristics and the role of triggers in the onset of TTS. Participants with TTS ( = 54) were compared to those with acute myocardial infarction (AMI; = 52) and healthy individuals ( = 54).

Assessing the three attentional networks in children from three to six years: A child-friendly version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction.

Attention involves three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct neural networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. This study aimed to analyze the development of attentional networks in children aged between 3 and 6 years using a child-friendly version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction (ANTI), the ANTI-Birds. The sample included 88 children divided into four age groups: 3-year-old, 4-year-old, 5-year-old, 6-year-old children.

Age-Related Changes in Hemispherical Specialization for Attentional Networks.

Many cognitive functions face a decline in the healthy elderly. Within the cognitive domains, both attentional processes and executive functions are impaired with aging. Attention includes three attentional networks, i.

Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with or without a deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a native bilayer collagen membrane: A randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To assess whether the use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and native bilayer collagen membrane (NBCM) improved healing of peri-implantitis-related bone defects at 12 months.

Materials And Methods: In a multi-centre, randomized clinical trial, 32 individuals received surgical debridement (control group [CG]), and 34 received adjunct use of DBBM and NBCM (test group [TG]). Radiographic defect fill (RDF), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP), recession (REC), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IP10, PDGF-BB, TNF-α, VEGF), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Assessing the Three Attentional Networks and Vigilance in the Adolescence Stages.

Attention involves three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct neural networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. This study aimed to assess the attentional networks and vigilance in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years using the attentional network test for interaction and vigilance (ANTI-V). One hundred and eighty-two adolescents divided into three groups (early adolescents, middle adolescents, late adolescents) participated in the study.

The Impact of Bilingualism on Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Based on the PRISMA Method.

Approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual. The bilingual advantage theory claims that the constant need to control both known languages, that are always active in the brain, to use the one suitable for each specific context improves cognitive functions and specifically executive functions. However, some authors do not agree on the bilingual effect, given the controversial results of studies on this topic.

Local risk indicators - Consensus report of working group 2.

In implant dentistry, plaque control and oral hygiene practices are essential to limit the risk of complication and failure in the long term. All conditions around an implant in function that influence the load and pathogenicity of the microbiota are considered local risk indicators. They concern the prosthetic suprastructure design and the possibility for the patient to easily access each implant for plaque removal.

Executive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review on motor and cognitive inhibition, conflict control and cognitive flexibility.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a syndrome characterised by mild cognitive decline, on one or more domains, but which does not compromise daily functions. Several studies have investigated the relationship between MCI and deficit in executive functions (EFs) but, unlike robust evidence in the mnestic domain, the nature of executive deficits in the MCI population remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to evaluate EFs in patients with MCI, considering inhibition (motor and cognitive), conflict control and cognitive flexibility.

Primary prevention of peri-implantitis: managing peri-implant mucositis.

Aims: Over the past decades, the placement of dental implants has become a routine procedure in the oral rehabilitation of fully and partially edentulous patients. However, the number of patients/implants affected by peri-implant diseases is increasing. As there are--in contrast to periodontitis--at present no established and predictable concepts for the treatment of peri-implantitis, primary prevention is of key importance.

Clinical evaluation of a bioabsorbable regenerative material in mandibular class II furcation therapy.

30 periodontally compromised adult subjects with mandibular buccal class II furcation defects were recruited for this study. All selected defects were treated according to the biological principles of guided tissue regeneration. The subjects were randomly assigned to 2 parallel groups.

[Treatment of gingival recession with a coronally repositioned flap].

The treatment of an exposed root surface may be indicated for an aesthetic improvement of a gingival recession. The surgical technic depends on the type of the recession, the quality and the quantity of the keratinized gingiva apically or laterally from the recession. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the minimal quantity of keratinized gingiva necessary to obtain a root coverage.

[Posterior bite collapse. 2. Therapeutic proposals].

In the treatment of posterior bite collapse, the orthodontic phase consists of three steps: uprighting of molar teeth, leveling of the mandibular arch and closure of anterior diastemas. During and after orthodontic therapy, the maintenance of periodontal health is important. For patients in which there is a reduced periodontium, splinting should be accomplished after the teeth are moved into their desired position.

[Posterior bite collapse. 1. Etiology and diagnosis].

The posterior Bite Collapse is a sequelae of advanced break down. The presence of periodontal inflammation and loss of osseous support can induce teeth migration in a direction partially imposed by occlusal forces. Posterior Bite Collapse often causes mesial drifting of the posterior teeth and flaring of the anterior segments.