Origin of the Cosmic Ray Galactic Halo Driven by Advected Turbulence and Self-Generated Waves.

The diffusive paradigm for the transport of Galactic cosmic rays is central to our understanding of the origin of these high energy particles. However, it is worth recalling that the normalization, energy dependence, and spatial extent of the diffusion coefficient in the interstellar medium are fitted to the data and typically are not derived from more basic principles. Here, we discuss a scenario in which the diffusion properties of cosmic rays are derived from a combination of wave self-generation and advection from the Galactic disc, where the sources of cosmic rays are assumed to be located.

Cosmic-ray electron injection from the ionization of nuclei.

We show that the secondary electrons ejected from the ionization of heavy ions can be injected into the acceleration process that occurs at supernova remnant shocks. This electron injection mechanism works since ions are ionized during the acceleration when they move already with relativistic speed, just like ejected electrons do. Using the abundances of heavy nuclei measured in cosmic rays measured at the Earth, we estimate the electron/proton ratio at the source to be approximately 10;{-4}, big enough to account for the nonthermal synchrotron emission observed in young supernova remnants.