Morphological comparative study of canine and feline diaphragms: Effect of bodyweight, body condition score, gender, age and breed.

The canine diaphragm is a muscular and tendinous dome-like plate and is largely involved in digestive and respiratory functions. Very few studies compared morphology of the diaphragm between dogs and cats and no studies have investigated the effects of individual factors on this morphology. So the aim of this study was to (1) study the effects of individual factors on the morphology of the diaphragm and (2) to compare its morphology between cats and dogs.

The magnetization transfer ratio of the post-mortem canine intervertebral disk is positively correlated to Pfirrmann grading on high field 3.0T MRI: a pilot study.

Objective: Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration usually occurs earlier in chondrodystrophic dog breeds than in other breeds. Spinal cord compression secondary to IVD degeneration is the most common cause of myelopathy in these dogs. Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences permit the identification of IVD degeneration and its consequences on adjacent neurological structures.

Evaluation of intrinsic radiosensitivity and characterization of five canine high-grade glioma cell lines.

Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in dogs and predominantly affects brachycephalic breeds. Diagnosis relies on CT or MRI imaging, and the proposed treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor's location. Canine glioma from domestic dogs could be used as a more powerful model to study radiotherapy for human glioma than the murine model.

Diffusion tensor imaging tractography in the one-humped camel () brain.

Introduction: Tractography is a technique used to trace the pathways of the brain using noninvasive diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. It is becoming increasingly popular for investigating the brains of domestic mammals and other animals with myelinated fibers but the principle of DTI can also apply for those with unmyelinated fibers. In the case of camels, DTI tractography is a promising method for enhancing current knowledge of the brain's structural connectivity and identifying white-matter tract changes potentially linked to neurodegenerative pathologies.

Tomodensitometric and histological age-related changes in the normal feline middle and inner ear.

Deafness in cats may be due to acquired causes such as aging. Similar age-related morphological changes in the cochlea have been noted in several animal species. However, little is known about the effects of age on the morphology of the middle and inner ear in cats.

Volumetric assessment and longitudinal changes of subcortical structures in formalinized Beagle brains.

High field MRI is an advanced technique for diagnostic and research purposes on animal models, such as the Beagle dog. In this context, studies on neuroscience applications, e.g.

susceptibility-weighted imaging anatomy of canine brain-comparison of imaging and histological sections.

Now that access of large domestic mammals to high-field MRI becomes more common, techniques initially implemented for human patients can be used for the structural and functional study of the brain of these animals. Among them, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a recent technique obtained from gradient echo (GE) imaging that allow for an excellent anatomical tissue contrast and a non-invasive assessment of brain iron content. The goal of this study was to design an optimal GE SWI imaging protocol to be used in dogs undergoing an MRI examination of the brain in a 3-Tesla scanner.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography of White Matter Tracts in the Equine Brain.

Tractography, a noninvasive technique tracing brain pathways from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) data, is increasingly being used for brain investigation of domestic mammals. In the equine species, such a technique could be useful to improve our knowledge about structural connectivity or to assess structural changes of white matter tracts potentially associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The goals of the present study were to establish the feasibility of DTI tractography in the equine brain and to provide a morphologic description of the most representative tracts in this species.

Anatomy, histology, and ultrasonography of the normal adrenal gland in brown lemur: Eulemur fulvus.

Background: The medical care currently to brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus) is limited by a lack of knowledge of their anatomy. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy and histology and obtain ultrasonographic measurements of normal adrenal glands in these animals.

Methods: The adrenal glands of four lemurs cadavers were used for the anatomical and histological studies, and those of 15 anesthetized lemurs were examined by ultrasonography.

Presence of neural progenitors in spontaneous canine gliomas: A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours in humans and are associated with a poor prognosis. An accurate animal model of human glioma tumorigenesis is needed to test new treatment strategies. Dogs represent a promising model because they develop spontaneous diffusely-infiltrating gliomas.

Anatomical and ultrasonographic study of the femoral nerve within the iliopsoas muscle in beagle dogs and cats.

Objectives: An ultrasound (US)-guided ventral suprainguinal approach to block the femoral nerve (FN) within the iliopsoas muscle (IPM) has recently been described in dogs. The goal of the present study was to provide the operator with additional information to locate the FN within the IPM in dogs and cats using US.

Study Design: The study was carried out in three phases: a dissection of the FN (phase 1); an in vivo US-assisted nerve study (phase 2), and an anatomical cross-sectional study (phase 3).

Evaluation of the lactate-to-N-acetyl-aspartate ratio defined with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging before radiation therapy as a new predictive marker of the site of relapse in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.

Purpose: Because lactate accumulation is considered a surrogate for hypoxia and tumor radiation resistance, we studied the spatial distribution of the lactate-to-N-acetyl-aspartate ratio (LNR) before radiation therapy (RT) with 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-(1)H-MRSI) and assessed its impact on local tumor control in glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods And Materials: Fourteen patients with newly diagnosed GBM included in a phase 2 chemoradiation therapy trial constituted our database. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRSI data before RT were evaluated and correlated to MRI data at relapse.

Normal nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in brown lemurs Eulemur fulvus: computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy.

Background: Far less is known about the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity of Eulemur fulvus; no computed tomography (CT) scan has ever been published.

Methods: Relevant CT scans were taken in the transverse, dorsal and longitudinal planes. These scans were compared with anatomical sections of heads.

Anatomy and ultrasonography of the normal kidney in brown lemurs: Eulemur fulvus.

The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy and obtain echographic measurements of normal kidneys in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus). The anatomical findings show that brown lemur kidneys are comparable to those of rats except for an elongated papilla. The kidneys of 16 (7 females and 9 males) lemurs were examined with two-dimensional and power Doppler ultrasonography under general anesthesia.

Stimulus complexity and prospective timing: clues for a parallel process model of time perception.

Whereas many studies have considered the role of attention in prospective timing, fewer have established relations between movement complexity and prospective timing. The present study aims at assessing to what extent motion complexity interferes with prospective timing and at delineating a neuropsychophysical plausible model. We have thus designed a visual paradigm presenting stimuli in sequential pairs (reference comparison interval).