Computer-based self-training for CT colonography with and without CAD.

Objectives: To determine whether (1) computer-based self-training for CT colonography (CTC) improves interpretation performance of novice readers; (2) computer-aided detection (CAD) use during training affects learning.

Methods: Institutional review board approval and patients' informed consent were obtained for all cases included in this study. Twenty readers (17 radiology residents, 3 radiologists) with no experience in CTC interpretation were recruited in three centres.

Comparison of synthetic mammography, reconstructed from digital breast tomosynthesis, and digital mammography: evaluation of lesion conspicuity and BI-RADS assessment categories.

Purpose: To compare the interpretive performance of synthetic mammography (SM), reconstructed from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in a diagnostic setting, covering different conditions of breast density and mammographic signs.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 231 patients, who underwent FFDM and DBT (from which SM images were reconstructed) between September 2014-September 2015. The study included 250 suspicious breast lesions, all biopsy proven: 148 (59.

Petamenophis (Padiamenemipet), an Egyptian Child Mummy Protected for Eternity: Revelation by Multidetector Computed Tomography.

Objective: The objective of our work was to report the most recent findings obtained with multidetector computed tomography of a child mummy from the Roman period (119-123 CE) housed at the Egyptian Museum in Turin, Italy.

Methods: Multidetector computed tomography and postprocessing were applied to understand the embalming techniques, the nature of a foreign object, and anthropometrical values. The information was compared with that from other mummies that were buried in the same tomb, but today housed in different museums.

Incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) according to its severity and temporal grading classification.

Objectives: To evaluate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) incidence after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and classify by gravity and frequency.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 75 patients with no previous episodes of HE who underwent TIPS between 2008 and 2014 with clinical follow-up after 6 and 12 months. Patient risk factors evaluated include age, INR (international normalized ratio), creatinine, bilirubin, and MELD score (Model for End-of-stage Liver Disease).

Prostate Cancer Detection Rate with Koelis Fusion Biopsies versus Cognitive Biopsies: A Comparative Study.

Objective: Targeted fusion biopsies have led to an improved prostate cancer (PCa) detection rate (CDR). Our aim was to assess if device-assisted fusion biopsies are superior to cognitive ones in terms of CDR. The association between multiparametric MRI parameters and PCa was also evaluated.

Comparing CT colonography and flexible sigmoidoscopy: a randomised trial within a population-based screening programme.

Importance And Aims: The role of CT colonography (CTC) as a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test is uncertain. The aim of our trial was to compare participation and detection rate (DR) with sigmoidoscopy (flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS)) and CTC in a screening setting.

Design Setting And Participants: We conducted two randomised clinical trials (RCTs).

Percutaneous treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma exceeding 3 cm: combined therapy or microwave ablation? Preliminary results.

Purpose: To compare MWA and RFA combined with TACE for HCC nodules exceeding 3 cm.

Methods: 19 lesions submitted to MWA (G1) were retrospectively compared with a combined treatment group (G2) matching by tumor characteristics (mean size 43 and 45 mm in G1 and G2, respectively). Technical success, complications, complete ablation (CA), and maintained CA (mCA) were evaluated.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) to Characterize MRI-Detected Additional Lesions Unidentified at Targeted Ultrasound in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients.

Objectives: Preoperative breast magnetic resonance (MR) often generates additional suspicious findings needing further investigations. Targeted breast ultrasound (US) is the standard tool to characterize MR additional lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential role of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to characterize MR detected additional findings, unidentified at targeted breast US.

Breast cancer risk associated with the diagnosis of a microhistological radial scar (RS): retrospective analysis in 10 years of experience.

Purpose: To retrospectively assess the risk of breast cancer associated with the radial scar (RS) microhistological diagnosis, also taking into consideration the percutaneous biopsy devices used, as well as the different performances of the mammographic systems (analogical, digital and tomosynthesis) in the radiological diagnosis of RS.

Materials And Methods: Between March 2002 and November 2011, 80 RSs were identified using the analogical, digital and tomosynthesis mammographic systems. Based on the microhistological examination, the patients were divided into three groups [RS without hyperplasic-proliferative lesions (HPL); RS with HPL; RS with cancer] and we assessed the risk of cancer associated with RS in the first and second group.

Mammotome(®) and EnCor (®): comparison of two systems for stereotactic vacuum-assisted core biopsy in the characterisation of suspicious mammographic microcalcifications alone.

Purpose: The authors sought to compare the diagnostic performance of the Mammotome(®) and EnCor(®) vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) systems in the assessment of suspicious mammographic microcalcifications.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2011 and July 2012, a total of 169 VABB were performed by stereotactic guidance on a prone table. The Mammotome(®) 11G (S1) or EnCor(®) 10G (S2) probes were used randomly.

Percutaneous segmental dilatation of portal stenosis after paediatric liver transplantation to avoid or postpone surgery: two cases and literature review.

Purpose: The authors retrospectively reviewed the results obtained with percutaneous treatment of portal stenosis.

Materials And Methods: In November 2005 and March 2008, two patients, 15 and 32 months old, underwent portal vein angioplasty at our centre. Both procedures were performed after ultrasound-guided portal vein puncture and measurement of pre- and postanastomotic pressure gradients.

The role of interventional radiology in the treatment of biliary strictures after paediatric liver transplantation.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous treatment of biliary strictures after paediatric liver transplantation.

Materials And Methods: In the period between October 1999 and October 2010, a total of 92 transplants in 86 children were performed at our Liver Transplant Centre. Eighteen patients had anastomotic biliary strictures (in four cases associated with intrahepatic bile duct stenosis).

Treatment of urological complications in more than 1,000 kidney transplantations: the role of interventional radiology.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventional radiology procedures in the treatment of major urological complications after kidney transplantation.

Materials And Methods: Between 2000 and 2010, 1,146 kidney transplants were performed at our institution. A total of 146 major complications occurred, including 77 obstructions, 36 leaks and 33 associated perigraft fluid collections.

Multiparametric Gd-EOB-DTPA magnetic resonance in diagnosis of HCC: dynamic study, hepatobiliary phase, and diffusion-weighted imaging compared to histology after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Purpose: To evaluate Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) performance during dynamic (DYN) phases, hepatobiliary (HB) phase and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) compared with pathological findings in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with different conditions, such as stage of chronic liver disease, histological grading, nodule size, and occurrence of previous treatments.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 64 nodules reported as HCC at pathological analysis on 28 explanted livers, examined about 3 months before OLT using a 1.5 T device and 16 channels array after intravenous GD-EOB-DTPA injection.

Use of oral gadobenate dimeglumine to visualise the oesophagus during magnetic resonance angiography in patients with atrial fibrillation prior to catheter ablation.

Background: Atrio-oesophageal fistula was first reported as a fatal complication of surgical endocardial and percutaneous endocardial radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation, with an incidence after catheter ablation between 0.03% and 0.5%.

Radiological assessment of breast density by visual classification (BI-RADS) compared to automated volumetric digital software (Quantra): implications for clinical practice.

Objective: This study was done to assess breast density on digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis according to the visual Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, to compare visual assessment with Quantra software for automated density measurement, and to establish the role of the software in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: We analysed 200 digital mammograms performed in 2D and 3D modality, 100 of which positive for breast cancer and 100 negative. Radiological density was assessed with the BI-RADS classification; a Quantra density cut-off value was sought on the 2D images only to discriminate between BI-RADS categories 1-2 and BI-RADS 3-4.

Accuracy of mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, ultrasound and MR imaging in preoperative assessment of breast cancer.

Aim: To define the accuracy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) added to digital mammography (DM) and ultrasound (US) in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: We performed a prospective study of 200 consecutive women with histologically-proven breast cancer using the above imaging techniques. Accuracy measurements were estimated using a lesion-by-lesion analysis for unifocal, multifocal/multicentric, bilateral and all carcinomas.

Role of paravertebral block anaesthesia during percutaneous transhepatic thermoablation.

Purpose: This paper discusses the technique and preliminary results of right thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for percutaneous thermal ablation of liver tumours.

Materials And Methods: Between October 2011 and August 2012 we treated 36 lesions (25 hepatocellular carcinoma and 11 metastases) in 30 patients aged 47-85 years (mean 67.5).

Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values versus contrast-enhanced MR imaging in the identification and characterisation of acute pyelonephritis.

Objective: To compare contrast-enhanced (CEMR) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing acute pyelonephritis (APN) and to assess ADC measurement reliability in differentiating among normal renal parenchyma, APN and abscesses.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients (80 women, mean age 36.5 years) with clinical suspicion of APN were retrospectively reviewed.

Accuracy of tumour size assessment in the preoperative staging of breast cancer: comparison of digital mammography, tomosynthesis, ultrasound and MRI.

Purpose: Accurate measurement of breast tumour size is fundamental for treatment planning. We compared the accuracy of digital mammography (DM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the preoperative evaluation of breast cancer size.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 149 breast cancers in 110 patients who underwent DM, DBT, US and MRI between January 2010 and December 2011, before definitive surgery.

Efficacy of computer-aided detection as a second reader for 6-9-mm lesions at CT colonography: multicenter prospective trial.

Purpose: To assess the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) as a second reader on the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomographic (CT) colonography in detecting 6-9-mm colorectal cancer (CRC) lesions.

Materials And Methods: Individuals with clinical indications for colonoscopy--either for symptoms or as part of participating in a surveillance program or CRC screening--were prospectively enrolled at one of 10 academic centers between July 2007 and May 2009. Institutional review board approval was obtained at each clinical site, and all participants provided written informed consent.

Multidetector CT of an antillean zemi idol.

Volumetric multidetector computed tomography (CT) was performed on an anthropomorphic cotton zemi idol from the Taino culture, which flourished in the Antilles between the 13th and 15th centuries ad. The zemi belongs to the permanent collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography at the University of Torino in Italy. According to some researchers of Taino culture, this is the only known cotton figure functioning as a reliquary that contains a partially preserved human skull.