Serum glutamate levels correlate with Gleason score and glutamate blockade decreases proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Purpose: During glutaminolysis, glutamine is catabolized to glutamate and incorporated into citric acid cycle and lipogenesis. Serum glutamate levels were measured in patients with primary prostate cancer or metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) to establish clinical relevance. The effect of glutamate deprivation or blockade by metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) antagonists was investigated on prostate cancer cells' growth, migration, and invasion to establish biologic relevance.

Sinonasal hemangiopericytomas: clinicopathologic and imaging findings.

Hemangiopericytomas are rare soft-tissue neoplastic lesions that can arise in any part of the body. They are mesenchymal tumors that account for 3 to 5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and 1% of all vascular tumors. They originate in extravascular cells (pericytes).

Punch biopsies of melanoma: a diagnostic peril.

Excisional or incisional biopsies of melanoma are used to determine depth of tumor invasion and to plan subsequent treatment. Accurate determination of depth of melanoma invasion is critical for treatment decisions and prognosis. Incisional or punch biopsies can be perilous for histopathologic determination of invasion, and both over- and underestimation of invasion can occur when using incisional methods.

Renal cell carcinoma with peri-renal fat necrosis radiographically mimicking extra-capsular tumor extension.

Peri-renal fat necrosis is rarely encountered, especially in the absence of previous surgery, trauma, or pancreatic disease. We report a patient being followed for chronic renal insufficiency by renal ultrasound in whom a renal mass was detected. Imaging studies were suggestive of renal cell carcinoma with extra-capsular extension.

Cost-effective method for identification of dimorphic fungi.

Traditional methods to identify dimorphic fungi dictate that the mold be converted to the yeast phase at 35 to 37 degrees C. We present a time- and cost-saving method of confirming the identification of a dimorph by using special stains to demonstrate the yeast phase directly growing in the original clinical specimens.

Collision tumor of apocrine carcinoma and squamous carcinoma occurring in the ear.

An unusual case of a cutaneous collision tumor comprised of a squamous cell carcinoma and an apocrine carcinoma occurring in the auricle of an 82-year-old man is presented. Microscopic study confirmed 2 distinct tumors: a squamous cell carcinoma arising in the epidermis and an adjacent apocrine carcinoma. We discuss the diagnostic criteria and review pertinent recent literature.

Synchronous adrenal cortical carcinoma in a patient with lung cancer.

Workup of a patient with lung cancer involves adrenal imaging for evaluation of metastatic disease. When nodules are detected, biopsy is often attempted to differentiate a primary neoplasm from metastatic carcinoma or other lesions, such as granuloma. CT-guided biopsy of the deep seated adrenal glands is technically difficult and material is often scanty.

Prostatic epithelial polyp diagnosed in a bladder wash.

Prostatic epithelial polyps, also known as adenomatous polyps or papillary adenomas with prostatic type epithelium, are uncommon lesions. These lesions typically involve the adult male urethra, trigone, or bladder dome. Diagnosis is usually made by biopsy.