Cupuaçu extract protects the kidneys of diabetic rats by modulating Nrf2/NF-κB p65 and iNOS.

Diabetes is characterized by increased levels of oxidative stress. Its suggested that extract of cupuaçu could improve the antioxidant system in diabetes. The aim was to evaluate the effect of EC on Nrf2/NF-κB p65 in normal and diabetic rats.

IS HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE >2.5 A DISTINGUISHED CRITERIA FOR METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION-ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE IDENTIFICATION?

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), assessed by different criteria, is an important factor in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). More recently with the characterization of this metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), one of the proposed criteria for this diagnosis has been the determination of the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HOMA-IR>2.

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME RISK IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND PRESENCE OF NASH.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease and refers to a wide spectrum of histological abnormalities ranging from simple steatosis (HE) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and relating it to demographic, biochemical and histological data in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study in individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

P2X7 receptor-nitric oxide interaction mediates apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells exposed to high glucose.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We showed that P2X7, a purinergic receptor, was highly expressed in DM; however, when oxidative stress was controlled, renal NO recovered, and the activation of this receptor remained significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NO on the P2X7 and apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) cultured in high glucose (HG) medium.

Relationship between short and long-term glycemic variability and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus under daily life insulin treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity of the association between glycemic variability and oxidative stress markers in T1DM patients under daily life insulin treatment.

Methods: We studied, in a cross-sectional analysis, 76 T1DM patients without clinical chronic diabetes complications and 22 healthy individuals. Were evaluated the short-term glycemic variability (STGV), long-term glycemic variability (LTGV), oxidative stress markers [8-isoprostaglandin-F2α (Ur-8-iso-PGF2α), nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and erythrocytes reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)] and biochemical dosages (glycaemia, HbA1c, lipidogram, albuminuria).

N-acetylcysteine protects against diabetic nephropathy through control of oxidative and nitrosative stress by recovery of nitric oxide in rats.

The diabetes mellitus (DM) induces several changes, with substantial increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS cause damage to systemic and renal microvasculature, which could be one of the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The ROS modulate other substances like the nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator with important role in the renal function.

Short-term l-arginine supplementation attenuates elevation of interleukin 6 level after resistance exercise in overweight men.

Background And Aim: l-Arginine (l-arg) supplementation and resistance exercise can induce changes in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines; however, it has not been investigated in obese hypertensive men. This study examines the effects of short-term l-arg supplementation and acute resistance exercise (AREX) on cytokine levels in obese hypertensive men.

Methods: Eight obese hypertensive men aged 46 ± 6 yrs.

Cupuaçu extract reduces nitrosative stress and modulates inflammatory mediators in the kidneys of experimental diabetes.

Background & Aims: We have previously reported an increased nitrosative stress in the kidneys of diabetic animals, which was reduced by an antioxidant probiotic. The present study evaluated whether the extract of cupuaçu (EC), an antioxidant compound rich in polyphenols and theograndins, when administered at a dose that can be reasonably obtained through daily consumption, could delay the onset of diabetic complications in the kidney.

Methods: Mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) were placed in medium normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG), with or without EC (500, 100, 50 or 10 μg/mL) during 24, 48 or 72 h for analysis of viability, proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) levels and reactive oxygen species or nitrogen (ROS/RNS).

Assessment of fructose overload in the metabolic profile and oxidative/nitrosative stress in the kidney of senescent female rats.

The aging process is a complex phenomenon that leads the body to several changes, affecting its integrity and resulting in chronic pathologies, which compromises health and quality of life of elderly people. Animals supplemented with fructose have been used as an experimental model for induction of insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects and the levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the kidney of senescent rats with a high fructose intake.

Immunomodulation and nitric oxide restoration by a probiotic and its activity in gut and peritoneal macrophages in diabetic rats.

Background: The hyperglycemia leads to increased oxidative stress, causing lipid peroxidation and imbalance in the immune system.

Aims: To investigate the effect of Kefir - a probiotic containing different strains - on metabolic parameters, cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and intestinal modulation in diabetes.

Methods: Wistar rats received injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, intravenously) and diabetes was defined as glycemia ≥200 mg/dL.

P2X(7) receptor in the kidneys of diabetic rats submitted to aerobic training or to N-acetylcysteine supplementation [corrected].

Previous studies in our laboratory showed that N-acetylcysteine supplementation or aerobic training reduced oxidative stress and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats. The P2X(7 receptor is up-regulated in pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. This up-regulation is related to oxidative stress and induces tissue apoptosis or necrosis.

Kefir administration reduced progression of renal injury in STZ-diabetic rats by lowering oxidative stress.

This study aimed at assessing the effects of Kefir, a probiotic fermented milk, on oxidative stress in diabetic animals. The induction of diabetes was achieved in adult male Wistar rats using streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were distributed into four groups as follows: control (CTL); control Kefir (CTLK); diabetic (DM) and diabetic Kefir (DMK).