A thorough investigation on pushing activities in industry: The impact of the variation in the speed of motion and load conditions on initial and sustained forces.

Pushing and pulling wheeled objects represent a significant part of manual material handling activities in industry. Medical investigations and epidemiological studies proved the correlation between such activities and the occurrence of lumbago, low back pain and adverse effects on the shoulders. The ISO 11228-2:2007 provides the recommended limits for pushing and pulling.